关于开展“机械化换人、自动化减人”科技强安专项行动的通知（续）

<正>安监总科技〔2015〕63号(二)金属非金属矿山。1.采矿机械化、自动化。大型矿山数字化采矿系统。在大型矿山采用井下信息采集与高带宽无线通信、精确定位与智能导航、空区三维激光扫描测量、智能爆破、智能调度与控制等技术,应用自动化的采掘凿岩台车、装药车、铲运机、地下运矿卡车、多功能辅助台车等装备与充填自动化系统,实现凿岩、装药、出矿、运搬、充填等生产工艺的机械化、自     

露天矿山隐伏盲空区精确探测及爆破优化设计

隐伏盲空区是严重威胁露天矿山正常采矿作业的安全隐患,应予以探明并处置。针对露天矿隐伏盲空区探测难度大、崩落处置爆破设计精度差等问题,以白马铁矿1号溜井盲空区为例,首先基于矿山历史资料,利用钻探手段,初步圈定盲空区异常分布范围;然后运用钻孔激光扫描设备进行三维精确扫描,获得盲空区塌腔三维形态和真实边界,并以实测数据为基础,利用逆向建模方法,构建盲空区三维可视化模型;最后根据盲空区的三维空间特征和分布条件,进行爆破分区及参数优化设计。结果表明:采用钻探圈定结合三维激光精确扫描建模的综合探测方法,可获得露天矿山盲空区的可靠信息,准确掌握盲空区垮塌现状,进而为制定更为精准的爆破设计方案提供重要依据,最终达到消除盲空区的目的。研究结果对保障矿山安全生产具有重要意义,同时可为类似工程提供有益参考。     

Immigrant Pantoea agglomerans embedded within indigenous microbial aggregates：A novel spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria

Immigrant bacteria located on leaf surfaces are important to the health of plants as well as to people who consume fresh fruits and vegetables. However, the spatial distribution and organization of these immigrant bacteria on leaf surfaces are still poorly understood. To examine the spatial organization of these strains, two bacterial strains on tobacco leaves： （1） an indigenous strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri Nov. Y2011 labeled with green fluorescent protein, and （2） an immigrant strain Pantoea agglomerans labeled with cyan fluorescent protein isolated from pear, were studied. Under moist conditions, P. agglomerans cells quickly disappeared from direct observation by laser- scanning confocal microscopy, although elution results indicated that large amounts of live cells were still present on the leaves. Following exposure to desiccation stress, particles of cyan fluorescent protein-labeled P. agglomerans were visible within cracked aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Detailed observation of sectioned aggregates showed that colonies of immigrant P. agglomerans were embedded within aggregates of P. stutzeri Nov. Y2011. Furthermore, carbon-resource partitioning studies suggested that these two species could coexist without significant nutritional competition. This is the first observation of an immigrant bacterium embedding within aggregates of indigenous bacteria on leaves to evade harsh conditions in the phyllosphere.     

起重机主梁变形三维激光扫描检测技术研究

在役起重机主梁变形是导致起重机事故发生的重要因素之一.国内现阶段对于起重机主梁变形检测还停留在传统的检测方法.其检测低效率、实施高风险、结果多误差等因素使传统检测方法暴露出诸多弊端.文章通过对比验证,引入三维激光扫描检测方法,对起重机主梁腹板进行扫描并建模分析得出主梁腹板整体变形的结果,此方法可以提高腹板变形检测数据精...     

悬浮载体生物膜内硝化菌群空间分布规律

利用16S rRNA寡核苷酸探针荧光原位杂交和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜联用技术,对悬浮载体生物膜内硝化菌群的空间分布规律进行了分析.试验采用3组结构完全相同的悬浮载体生物膜反应器,每个反应器的曝气区为6L,沉淀区为2L,水力停留时间为1.0h,3个反应器的进水COD/NH₄⁺-N分别为15、10和5,从反应器中取出载体颗粒表面的生物膜进行分析,研究各反应器中生物膜的微生物群落结构的变化规律.结果表明,SCBR内载体表面生物膜的总体厚度在80～120μm左右,氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌主要分布在生物膜表面的20～30μm左右范围内.随着进水中COD/NH₄⁺-N的增加,氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌在整个生物膜中所占的比例逐步下降.     

地面三维激光扫描点云应用于滑坡监测中基准统一研究

每一期滑坡变形体获取的点云数据分别基于独立坐标系,造成多期数据形变分析时基准不统一,该文提出了基于永久三棱锥标靶和基于全站仪站点坐标后视定向两种数据采集与基准统一理论与方法,实现多期点云基准统一。以甘肃省癿藏镇3号滑坡为研究对象,采集2021年2月、2021年5月两期点云数据,基于永久三棱锥标靶配准精度为0.003 m,基于全站仪站点坐标后视定向配准精度为0.005 m。结果表明方法理论严密、外业操作简单实用,可高精度实现多期点云基准统一。该理论方法的成功应用对三维激光扫描技术在滑坡等灾害变形监测的深度应用和有效推广有重要借鉴意义。     

基于物联网的电梯层门监控系统设计

1物联网技术简介 “物联网”（InternetofThings）。指的是将各种信息传感设备,如射频识别（RFID）装置、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等种种装置与互联网结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络。物联网不仅仅提供了传感器的连接,其本身也具有智能处理的能力．能够对物体实施智能控制。物联网将传感器和智能处理相结合,利用云计算、模式识别等各种智能技术,扩充其应用领域。从传感器获得的海量信息中分析、加工和处理出有意义的数据。以适应不同用户的不同需求,发现新的应用领域和应用模式。     

岩溶区公路边坡监测TLS点云处理与3D场景构建研究

岩溶山区公路的工程地质条件极为脆弱,容易造成沿线边坡整体或局部滑坡,为保障岩溶山区公路的运营安全,对公路沿线易滑边坡进行定位监测分析是十分有必要的。选取云南九乡典型岩溶山区公路的一个易滑边坡作为实验监测对象,针对传统"点"式监测方法存在的不足,采用地面三维激光扫描(Terrestrial Laser Scanning,TLS)技术对该边坡实施了野外现场扫描并获得该易滑边坡现状的3D点云数据;基于I-Site Studio三维点云数据处理平台,开展了对该公路易滑边坡扫描获得的3D点云数据进行了配准、滤波去噪和空洞修复等预处理,以及精细化建模和三维场景构建等试验研究。整理得出了利用地面TLS技术进行岩溶山区公路易滑边坡3D点云数据采集、预处理和3D场景模拟分析等完整技术应用过程,并对TLS技术用于该实验区边坡监测的测量精度进行了评价。研究结果表明,相对于传统"点"式监测方法,地面TLS技术在岩溶山区公路沿线易滑边坡监测中能够获取更加丰富的空间三维数据,并构建出精细化的三维场景模型。     

Effect of substrate COD/N ratio on performance and microbial community structure of a membrane aerated biofilm reactor

Two parallel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactors were operated at well-defined conditions to investigate the e ect of substrate COD/N ratios on the performance and microbial community structure of the bioreactor. Results showed that at substrate COD/N of 5, organic and nitrogen could be eliminated simultaneously, and COD removal degree, nitrification and denitrification e ciency reached 85%, 93% and 92%, respectively. With increasing substrate COD/N ratios, the specific oxygen utilization rates of nitrifying bacteria in biofilm were found to decrease, indicating that nitrifying population became less dominant. At substrate COD/N ratio of 6, excessive heterotrophs inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria greatly and thus led to poor nitrification process. With the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were identified as dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm at substrate COD/N of 0, whereas only Nitrosospira were detected in the biofilm at COD/N ratio of 5. Nitrospira were present as dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in our study. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed that at substrate COD/N ratio of 0 nitrifying bacteria existed throughout the biofilm and that at COD/N ratio of 5 they were mainly distributed in the inner layer of biofilm.