废水生物除磷机理研究——Ⅰ.活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量变化特点

提出了活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量的测定方法.分别考察了常温好氧、厌氧条件下,废水生物除磷试验装置内活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量随时间变化的特点.结果表明,好氧条件下,微生物的内聚磷酸盐含量随时间的延长呈线性关系增加;厌氧条件下,聚磷酸盐含量随时间的延长呈线性关系减少.     

PHOSPHAX ∑Sigma总磷分析仪在循环冷却水中的应用

1测量背景 在工业循环水冷却系统中，经常用阻垢剂和缓蚀剂来防结垢和防腐蚀。在循环水管道表面即便只附着很薄的一层水垢，它都会极大地影响热量的传递和降低涡轮产生真空的效率。聚磷酸盐和磷酸通常被用于硬度稳定剂，它们的稳定效果取决于与水中的钙、镁、铁和锰离子的综合反应情况。     

Denitrifying phosphorus removal in a step-feed CAST with alternating anoxic-oxic operational strategy

A bench-scale cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) was operated to study the biological phosphorus removal performance and a series of batch tests was carried out to demonstrate the accumulation of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) in CAST system. Under all operating conditions, step-feed CAST with enough carbon sources in influent had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency as well as good sludge settling performance. The average removal rate of COD, NH₄⁺-N, PO₄³⁻ -P and total nitrogen (TN) was 88.2%, 98.7%, 97.5% and 92.1%, respectively. The average sludge volume index (SVI) was 133 mL/g. The optimum anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) conditions for the cultivation of DNPAOs could be achieved by alternating anoxic/oxic operational strategy, thus a significant denitrifying phosphorus removal occurred in step-feed CAST. The denitrification of NOx− -N completed quickly due to step-feed operation and enough carbon sources, which could enhance phosphorus release and further phosphorus uptake capability of the system. Batch tests also proved that polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the step-feed process had strong denitrifying phosphorus removal capacity. Both nitrate and nitrite could be used as electron acceptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal. Low COD supply with step-feed operation strategy would favor DNPAOs accumulation.     

废水生物除磷机理研究--Ⅰ.活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量变化特点

提出了活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量的测定方法.分别考察了常温好氧、厌氧条件下,废水生物除磷试验装置内活性污泥混合液中微生物内聚磷酸盐含量随时间变化的特点.结果表明,好氧条件下,微生物的内聚磷酸盐含量随时间的延长呈线性关系增加;厌氧条件下,聚磷酸盐含量随时间的延长呈线性关系减少.     

单级好氧除磷工艺与厌氧/好氧除磷工艺的对比研究

以A/O工艺和单级好氧除磷工艺为研究对象,利用生活污水中存在最广泛的乙酸钠作为单一碳源,对比研究了2组SBR（A/O工艺,SBR1;单级好氧除磷工艺,SBR2）的除磷效果.连续进行3个月的研究表明,2组SBR在稳定除磷阶段的除磷率和单位污泥的除磷水平分别为91.72%和3.23 mg.g-1（SBR1）与71.70%和2.91 mg.g-1（SBR2）.进一步研究还发现：在SBR1中PHA合成的同时伴随着糖原质的消耗,而在SBR2中PHA合成的同时伴随糖原质的积累,这意味着单级好氧除磷工艺中PHA的合成无需糖原质的参与;在静置阶段,2组SBR都表现出了很明显的释磷现象,但SBR2具有更高的释磷水平（释磷量分别为2.6 mg.L-1和13.28 mg.L-1）.SBR1和SBR2体现出不同的除磷能力的原因很有可能是2组SBR的微生物在代谢过程中储能物质在消耗和存贮的循环过程中存在差异.     

不同氮磷营养条件下铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果

铜绿微囊藻是中国湖泊、水库及其它水域生态系统发生、形成富营养化危害的主要藻类。采用了直接显色法对单细胞铜绿微囊藻（〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗）蓄积正磷酸盐的浓度进行测定,并与传统测定方法进行比较。直接显色法测定的磷浓度值减去溶液中可溶性磷浓度值即得到铜绿微囊藻蓄积的磷浓度值。对用不同处理方式处理过的铜绿微囊藻藻液进行过滤显色和直接显色测定,结果表明聚磷酸盐(正磷酸盐)在铜绿微囊藻体内不是游离存在,而很可能是与细胞内某一活性部分结合。在确立测定方法的基础上,研究了以修改了的MⅢ培养基为基本培养条件,改变氮磷浓度对产毒铜绿微囊藻（FACHB942）蓄积正磷酸盐效果的影响。结果显示,①氮磷比不变时,随着起始磷浓度的增加,铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐蓄积量也逐渐增加,成明显正相关;②氮浓度不变时,铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果与磷浓度正相关;③而同一磷浓度下,铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果与氮浓度负相关,但氮浓度超过21 mg/L时,氮浓度对于铜绿微囊藻蓄积磷的效果影响变得不规则。     

三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)对高温硫化硅橡胶的阻燃和陶瓷化性能的影响

为协同提升高温硫化硅橡胶的阻燃与陶瓷化性能,以高温硫化硅橡胶为基体,结合煅烧高岭土、磷酸盐玻璃粉和三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)制备了阻燃可陶瓷化硅橡胶复合材料。采用垂直燃烧仪、锥形量热仪(CONE)、热重分析仪(TGA)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究了MPP的组分占比以及硅氧烷粉体改性对硅橡胶复合材料燃烧性能和陶瓷化性能的影响。结果表明：MPP的添加能够有效降低复合材料的热危害,同时提高复合材料煅烧后得到的类陶瓷体的强度;当MPP在15 wt%的组分占比下,1 000℃煅烧后样品的弯曲强度超过15 MPa,通过粉体改性可以使MPP恶化的力学强度得到恢复。     

聚磷菌生物除磷机理研究进展

废水中过量磷酸盐是引起水体富营养化的主要原因之一,生物除磷是一项新型的水处理技术。聚磷菌生物在多聚磷酸盐的合成和降解过程中发挥重要作用。文章综述了目前聚磷菌生物除磷的生化机理,聚磷过程中涉及的主要酶类及磷酸盐转运过程相关基因的表达调控。     

Effect of temperature on anoxic metabolism of nitrites to nitrous oxide by polyphosphate accumulating organisms

Temperature is an important physical factor, which strongly influences biomass and metabolic activity. In this study, the effects of temperature on the anoxic metabolism of nitrite(NO-2) to nitrous oxide(N2O) by polyphosphate accumulating organisms, and the process of the accumulation of N2O(during nitrite reduction), which acts as an electron acceptor, were investigated using 91% ± 4% Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis sludge. The results showed that N2O is accumulated when Accumulibacter first utilize nitrite instead of oxygen as the sole electron acceptor during the denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Properties such as nitrite reduction rate, phosphorus uptake rate, N2O reduction rate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate degradation rate were all influenced by temperature variation(over the range from 10 to 30°C reaching maximum values at 25°C). The reduction rate of N2O by N2O reductase was more sensitive to temperature when N2O was utilized as the sole electron acceptor instead of NO2, and the N2O reduction rates, ranging from 0.48 to 3.53 N2O-N/(hr·g VSS), increased to 1.45 to 8.60 mg N2O-N/(hr·g VSS). The kinetics processes for temperature variation of 10 to 30°C were(θ1 = 1.140–1.216 and θ2= 1.139–1.167). In the range of 10°C to 30°C, almost all of the anoxic stoichiometry was sensitive to temperature changes. In addition, a rise in N2O reduction activity leading to a decrease in N2O accumulation in long term operations at the optimal temperature(27°C calculated by the Arrhenius model).