人工神经元网络在市政垃圾热值预测中的应用

本文基于市政垃圾的热值和人均收入、国民生产总值、第二、三产业的生产总值及年降雨量的数据建立了神经元网络模型,实现了根据以上经济统计数据对市政垃圾的热值进行较准确的预测。     

情感影响记忆的途径

加州大学的科研人员在最近的《分子精神病学》杂志上指出了情感影响记忆的一种途径——大脑的情感中心杏仁核会诱发马体产生新的神经元。     

Primary neuronal-astrocytic co-culture platform for neurotoxicity assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.     

模糊神经网络在危险化学品道路运输风险评价中的应用

正随着城乡公路的建设、高速公路的增多、汽车运输业的大力发展,道路运输因其机动灵活、快速及时、方便经济等特点,成为当前我国危险化学品运输的一种主要途径。然而,危险化学品在道路运输过程中,由于设备缺陷、撞击、挤压等原因,盛装易燃、易爆、有毒危险品的容器及相关辅助设施有可     

焦亚硫酸钠对大鼠背根节神经元钾电流的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术,研究SO2体内衍生物和食品添加剂———焦亚硫酸钠(sodiummetabisulfite,SMB)对大鼠背根节(DRG)神经元瞬间外向钾电流(TOCs)和延迟整流钾电流(IK)的影响.结果表明,SMB可增大TOCs和IK,且具剂量依赖性和电压依赖性.10μmolL-1的SMB不影响TOCs的激活过程,给药前后TOCs的半数激活电压为(3.15±2.29)mV和(4.72±1.92)mV(N=8,P>0.05),不改变其斜率;但10μmolL-1的SMB却非常显著地影响TOCs的失活过程,给药前后其半数失活电压分别为(-53.6±0.45)mV和(-38.85±0.68)mV(N=8,P<0.01),也不改变其斜率.10μmolL-1的SMB显著提前IK的激活过程,给药前后IK的半数激活电压为(-11.98±3.50)mV和(-33.21±5.67)mV(N=8,P<0.01),不改变其斜率.SMB显著增大TOCs和IK,使IK的激活过程提前,抑制TOCs的失活过程,从而导致细胞内K 通过K 通道外流增加,进而可能对DRG神经元功能产生不利影响.图6参16     

Adverse effects of metal exposure on chemotaxis towards water-soluble attractants regulated mainly by ASE sensory neuron in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 mol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 mol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 mol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.     

硫酸镁调节SO2衍生物对大鼠海马神经元钠通道的刺激作用

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了硫酸镁(MgSO4)对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元电压门控性钠通道的调节作用.结果表明,MgSO4对SO2衍生物增大大鼠海马神经元钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,此作用随着SO2衍生物浓度的增加而减弱,随着MgSO4浓度的增加而增强.不同时间加入MgSO4均会显著抑制SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应,说明MgSO4不仅对SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,而且可即时和延效性地抑制此损伤效应的发生.研究结果提示,硫酸镁对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元钠通道具有抑制作用,这可能是MgSO4对SO2引发的中枢神经系统损伤具有防护和治疗作用的机制之一.图4参14     

芬兰研究称手机辐射抑制大脑葡萄糖代谢

芬兰图尔库大学、芬兰职业健康研究所和芬兰辐射与核安全中心开展的一项最新研究发现,手机辐射会减弱靠近手机天线的大脑区域的葡萄糖新陈代谢。大脑葡萄糖代谢下降表明大脑局部神经元活动受到抑制,是脑功能失调的表现之一。     

二氧化硫衍生物对背根神经元钙通道的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了SO₂衍生物对大鼠DRG(背根神经节)神经元不同亚型钙通道的影响. 结果表明,1 μmol/L SO₂衍生物对不同电压下的钙电流均有增大作用,在-10 mV时可使钙电流增幅达到63.4%±5.7%. 在细胞外液中加入不同亚型钙通道的阻滞剂并经过修正计算发现,1 μmol/L SO₂衍生物使L型钙电流增长了82.2%,N型钙电流增长了95.3%,r型(非L型、非N型)钙电流增长了9.4%,说明高阈值激活的N型和L型钙电流对SO₂衍生物特别敏感,推测SO₂衍生物诱发神经性疼痛,引起神经毒性,可能主要通过增大DRG神经元上N型和L型钙通道发生电流介导.      

吃完辣椒为什么容易拉肚子

为什么吃完辣椒后,会给人一种"辣"和"爽"的感觉呢主要原因是:辣椒素。辣椒素是一种含有香草酰胺的生物碱,能够与感觉神经元的香草素受体亚型结合。由于VR1受体激活后所传递的是灼热感(它在受到热刺激时也会被激活),所以吃辣椒的时候,感受到的是一种烧灼的感觉。这种灼热的感觉会让大脑产生一种机体受伤