环境因素对海洋动物Na+-K+-ATPase的影响概述

概述了Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的一般性质以及各种环境因子对其的影响情况和作用机理，并对Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性作为环境污染指示物的可行性进行了初步探讨     

胜利原油对褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼鳃Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性的影响

以胜利原油为污染物对褐牙鲆幼鱼鳃丝Na~+-K~+-ATPase活力的影响进行了研究.实验结果表明,低浓度的胜利原油对实验褐牙鲆幼鱼鳃丝的Na~+-K~+-ATPase活力的活性有诱导作用,随着浓度的升高对其活性影响越大,并随着曝油时间的延长先升高然后降低到一个相对稳定的数值.当实验油浓度为1.25 mg/L时,与对照组有极显著性差异(P<0.01).比较不同实验组在相同暴露时间鳃丝Na~+-K~+-ATPase活力,可以说明实验鱼参与能量代谢、物质运输等重要生化过程的能力是一定的.与对照组相比较,实验第3 d的数值极显著差异(P<0.01).本研究为保护海洋生态环境和渔业资源提供基础资料.     

重金属离子对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na+-K+-ATPase活力的影响

研究了3种重金属离子(Cu2 、Zn2 、Cd2 )对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)鳃丝Na K ATPase活力的影响。结果表明:3种重金属离子对凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na K ATPase活力的影响显著(p<0.05)而对照组变化不显著(p>0 05)。除0.05mg/LCd2 处理组凡纳滨对虾鳃丝Na K ATPase活力在实验时间内均表现为显著促进作用外,3种重金属离子低浓度组在短时间内对Na K ATPase活力出现暂时的激活现象,至24h后同高浓度组一样,随作用时间Na K ATPase活力逐渐降低,表现为显著性抑制的剂量效应关系。     

Interaction of alcohol and kola nut on brain sodium pump activity in Wistar rats

The effect of interaction of alcohol and kola nut on sodium pump activity was studied in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Control received a placebo (4 mL of distilled water). Groups 2–6 were treated for a period of 21 days with 10% (v/v) alcohol, 50 mg caffeine/kg, 50 mg kola nut/kg, or a combination of 10% (v/v) alcohol + 50 mg kola nut/kg, or 10% (v/v) alcohol + 50 mg caffeine/kg, respectively. One day after the final exposure, brains were harvested and several biochemical parameters examined including activities of total ATPase, ouabain-insensitive ATPase, ouabain sensitive ATPase (Na⁺–K⁺-ATPase) and levels of nonenzymatic breakdown of ATP and inorganic phosphate (P_i) released. Results showed that the essential enzyme of the brain responsible for neuronal function, Na⁺–K⁺-ATPase, was inhibited by alcohol–kola nut co-administration relative to control, resulting in a decreased ATP production, ion transport and action potential, leading to loss of neuronal activities.     

氰戊菊酯对河川沙塘鳢幼鱼的毒性效应

采用静水生物测试法,研究了氰戊菊酯(fenvalerate,FEN)对河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)幼鱼的毒性效应.结果显示,FEN对河川沙塘鳢幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h(t)的半数致死质量浓度ρ(LC50)(95％置信区间)分别为(3.19±1.38)、(1.66±1.02)、(0.98±0.69)和(0.70±0.49) μg·L-1,变化规律符合指数衰减模型ρ(LC50) =0.915 1 +15.012 3 ×exp(-0.075 8 ×t)(r=0.996 2),安全浓度为(0.13±0.97) μg·L-1.半数致死时间t(LT50)表现出显著的剂量[ρ(FEN)]效应,可用方程t(LT50) =2 653.467 6 ×exp[-5.590 4 ×ρ(FEN)]+56.378 7 ×exp[-0.209 5×ρ(FEN)](r=0.999 4)对其进行拟合.双因素方差分析显示,肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量随FEN浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而均呈显著变化(P＜0.05),但两个因素的交叉影响不显著(P＞0.05).暴露24 h时,4μg· L-1浓度组SOD和CAT活性达到峰值,随后开始下降,而此时各浓度组MDA含量无显著变化(P＞0.05),48和96 h时,4、6和10 μg·L-1浓度组MDA含量则表现为显著上升.暴露时间和FEN浓度的交互作用对鳃Na+ /K+-ATP酶活性影响显著(P＜0.05),暴露24、48和96 h时,高浓度(6和10 μg·L-1)组Na +/K+-ATP酶活性均呈现显著下降;上述指标可较好地用于评价FEN的毒性效应.组织病理观察发现,FEN污染对河川沙塘鳢幼鱼的鳃、肝脏均造成严重损伤:鳃丝紊乱,上皮细胞增生,柱状细胞破裂;肝细胞实质空泡化,胆管内皮细胞肥大、融合.     

盐度渐变过程对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)幼鱼渗透调节的影响

为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP 酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5~35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K+ 含量无显著变化(P >0.05),其余均显著升高(P <0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20~29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。     

氯酚类化合物对金鱼的急性和亚急性毒性研究

研究了2-氯酚、2,6-二氯酚,2,3,4-三氯酚、2,3,5,6-四氯酚、五氯酚5种氯酚类化合物对鲤科金鱼(Carassiasauratus)的急性毒性和这5种化合物在1/2LC₅₀,1/4LC₅₀,1/6LC₅₀浓度下对金鱼肝脏中Na₊-K₊-ATP酶的影响变化。结果显示:①氯酚类化合物随氯原子数目在苯环上的增加,其急性毒性增加;②亚急性毒性指标Na₊-K₊-ATP酶对氯酚类化合物比较敏感,是一种较好的生物指示物。并讨论了氯酚类化合物对Na₊-K₊-ATP酶活性产生影响的机制。      

Effects of salinity on activities of H+-ATPase, H+-PPase and membrane lipid composition in plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings

The effects of NaCI stress on the H^＋-ATPase, H^＋-PPase activity and lipid composition of plasma membrane(PM) and tonoplast(TP) vesicles isolated from roots and leaves of two soybean cultivars( Glycine max L. ) differing in salt tolerance(Wenfeng^7,salt-tolerant; Union, salt-sensitive) were investigated. When Wenfeng^7 was treated with 0.3% (W/V) NaCI for 3 d, the H^＋ -ATP aseactivities in PM and TP from roots and leaves exhibited a reduction and an enhancement, respectively. The H^＋ -PPase activity in TP from roots also increased. Similar effects were not observed in roots of Union. In addition, the increases of phospholipid content and ratios of phospholipid to galactolipid in PM and TP from roots and leaves of Wenfeng^7 may also change membrane permeability and hence affect salt tolerance.     

Volatilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal-tar-sealed pavement

The effects of the herbicide atrazine on the gill of the freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus were evaluated after exposure of fish to 2, 10 and 25 μg L⁻¹ atrazine during 48 h (acute exposure) and 14 d (subchronic exposure). Ions and osmolality were measured in plasma and gill samples were taken to determine the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities and for morphological analysis. Plasma osmolality and Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions changed depending on atrazine concentration, but atrazine exposure had no effect on the Na⁺/Cl⁻ ratio. NKA activity did not change after atrazine exposure, but CA activity decreased in fish exposed to 25 μg L⁻¹ for 14 d. Gill MRC density decreased after acute exposure but did not change in fish exposed to the subchronic treatment. The MRC density at the epithelial surface increased in fish exposed to 25 μg L⁻¹, and the MRC fractional area (MRCFA) increased in fish exposed to 10 μg L⁻¹. The changes in MRCs provide evidence of morphological adjustments to maintain ionic homeostasis in spite of the inhibition of CA activity at the highest atrazine concentration.     

水稻叶片质膜H~+-ATPase对酸雨胁迫的适应机制

采用水培法研究酸雨胁迫对水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase活性的影响,结果表明,高强度酸雨(pH 2.5和pH 3.0组)胁迫下,pH 2.5组质膜H+-ATPase活性显著受抑,胞内pH降低,POD活性受抑,pH3.0组质膜H+-ATPase活性上升,胞内pH降低,POD活性升高,质膜透性和MDA含量均增加,Fv/Fm和叶鲜重降低;低强度酸雨(3.0相似文献