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1.
从美国《濒危物种法》对我国《野生动物保护法》的反思 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
濒危物种是人类的宝贵遗产,各国在1973年的濒危动植物种国际贸易公约(简称CITES)影响下,纷纷制定国内法以期有效保护和管理濒危物种。仅就1973年美国《濒危物种法》和1988年我国《野生动物保护法》的某些方面作一初步比较,寻求差异的原因,希望对我国濒危物种立法完善有所裨益。 相似文献
2.
紫外—双氧水和亚铁离子体系对硝基苯光降解的研究 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
研究了以500W直管高压汞灯为光源,在双氧水和亚铁离子的体系中,对硝基苯进行光降解的可能性。结果表明,在实验条件下,本系统对硝基苯有明显的降解效果。浓度为50mg/L的硝基苯经过60min的光照,其降解率可达91.7%。此外,还探讨 铁离子浓度、双氧水浓度、硝基苯浓度、pH值等因素对光降解的影响。 相似文献
3.
水泥负载TiO2光催化降解染料水溶液的研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
研究了以TiO2为催化剂,且将TiO2涂布在模拟工业水处理浅池的水泥质池底表面,以直管高压汞灯为光源,对有机染料酸性玫瑰红B和晒化绿B进行光催化降解的可行性。结果表明,在实验条件下,本系统对以上染料有显著的光降解作用,浓度为25mg/L的上述二种染料溶液,经30min光照,其降解率分别达88.2%,此外,还探讨了染料浓度,染料体积、染料溶液PH值等因素对光降解的影响。 相似文献
4.
Quantum chemical investigation on photodegradation mechanisms of sulfamethoxypyridazine with dissolved inorganic matter and hydroxyl radical 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sulfamethoxypyridazine(SMP) is one of the commonly used sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs).SAs are mainly studied to undergo triplet-sensitized photodegradation in water under natural sunlight with other coexisting aquatic environmental organic pollutants.In this work,SMP was selected as a representative of SAs.We studied the mechanisms of triplet-sensitized photodegradation of SMP and the influence of selected dissolved inorganic matter,i.e.,anions(Br~-,Cl~-,and NO~-_3) and cations ions(Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),and Zn~(2+)) on SMP photodegradation mechanism by quantum chemical methods.In addition,the degradation mechanisms of SMP by hydroxyl radical(OH·) were also investigated.The creation of SO_2 extrusion product was accessed with two different energy pathways(pathway-1 and pathway-2) by following two steps(step-I and step-II) in the tripletsensitized photodegradation of SMP.Due to low activation energy,the pathway-1 was considered as the main pathway to obtain SO_2 extrusion product.Step-II of pathway-1 was measured to be the rate-limiting step(RLS) of SMP photodegradation mechanism and the effect of the selected anions and cations was estimated for this step.All selected anions and cations promoted photodegradation of SMP by dropping the activation energy of pathway-1.The estimated low activation energies of different degradation pathways of SMP with OH·radical indicate that OH·radical is a very powerful oxidizing agent for SMP degradation via attack through benzene derivative and pyridazine derivative ring. 相似文献
5.
Mouheb Sboui Mohamed Faouzi Nsi Ali Rayes Meenakshisundaram Swaminathan Ammar Houas 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(10):3-13
A novel photocatalyst based on TiO_2–PANI composite supported on small pieces of cork has been reported. It was prepared by simple impregnation method of the polyaniline(PANI)–modified TiO_2 on cork. The TiO_2–PANI/Cork catalyst shows the unique feature of floating on the water surface. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron micrograph(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV–vis DRS) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area analysis. Characterization suggested the formation of anatase highly dispersed on the cork surface. The prepared floating photocatalyst showed high efficiency for the degradation of methyl orange dye and other organic pollutants under solar irradiation and constrained conditions, i.e., no-stirring and no-oxygenation. The TiO_2–PANI/Cork floating photocatalyst can be reused for at least four consecutive times without significant decrease of the degradation efficiency. 相似文献
6.
研究了UV/H2O2/草酸高铁铵体系下孔雀绿(Malachite green,MG)光降解过程中的影响因素,包括MG的初始浓度、初始pH值、投加H2O2浓度和草酸高铁铵浓度等。结果表明:MG初始浓度越低光降解越快,碱性条件有利于MG的降解,其最佳降解pH为11.0;随H2O2浓度的增加,MG降解率先增加后减少,在100mmol/L时,降解率最高;MG降解率随草酸高铁铵浓度增加而增加,于10.0mmol/L时MG降解率最高;UV/H2O2/草酸高铁铵体系的降解效果较强,交叉实验结果表明H2O2:草酸高铁铵浓度比在1~20:1时降解率均高于。因此该体系具有快速、简单、经济并高效率等特点,可应用于染料废水的降解和脱色工艺中。 相似文献
7.
Phthalic acid and its photochemical degradation has been determined in snow and rainwater samples collected during winters (2003-2010) in the Southeast of Massachusetts using capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Water samples were dried using a rotary evaporator and derivatized with a 14% BF3/methanol reagent before GC analysis. The developed method proved simple and accurate. Phthalic acid was found in snow samples collected in a concentration range of 7.22-76.5 nM. The photodegradation of phthalate was carried out under 300 nm UV light. The direct photodecomposition of the acid is slow (5% h−1). However, the addition of dissolved Fe(III) species at 2.0 μM accelerated the light-induced degradation of phthalic acid by 3.5 times in the atmospheric water samples. Photodegradation rates of phthalic acid increases with decreasing pH value of water samples in the range of pH 2.8-4.5. 相似文献
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9.
Bappaditya Kanrar Anjan Bhattacharyya 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):788-797
The photolysis of a rice herbicide Bispyribac sodium (Sodium 2, 6-bis [(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) oxy] benzoate) has been studied in different aqueous medium (distilled water, pond water and Irrigation water) under the influence of UV (λ max ≥ 250 nm) and sunlight in presence or absence of sensitizers (TiO2 and KNO3). The study was conducted under laboratory simulated condition which made it possible to evaluate the contribution of different factors viz. source of irradiation, solvent and sensitizers towards the photolysis of bispyribac sodium. The photodegradation proceeds via first order reaction Kinetics in all the cases. Five photo metabolites (M1-M5) were isolated in pure form by column chromatographic method from the irradiation system under UV influenced and TiO2 as sensitizer. From the different spectral data (IR, NMR, UV-VIS, Mass) the structure of these five metabolites were assigned as M1 (Phenol), M2 [2, 6-Dihydroxy benzoic acid], M3 [2, 6-bis [(4, 6 dimethoxypyrimidin-2yl) oxy] benzoic acid], M4 [2-(3-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-pyrimidine-4, 6-diol] and M5 as [2,4-Dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxy-6-(4-methoxy pyrimidine-2-yloxy)-benzoic acid]. Moreover, another six photometabolites (M6-M11) were identified from the different irradiation system on the basis of Micromass analysis. On the basis of MS/MS data analysis, the structure of these six photometabolites were assigned as M6 [2-(4, 6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-6-hydroxy-benzoic acid], M7 [2-Hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-benzoic acid], M8 [4, 6-Dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-ol], M9 [6-Methoxy-pyrimidine-2, 4-diol], M10 [2-Hydroxy-6-(pyrimidin-2-yloxy)-benzoic acid] and M11 [2, 4, 6-Trimethoxy-pyrimidine]. The plausible Photodegradation pathways of bispyribac sodium in the present investigation were portrayed which proceeds via hydrolysis, hydrolytic cleavage, O-dealkylation, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, O-alkylation and hydroxylation. 相似文献
10.
Tao Tang Kun QianTianyu Shi Fang WangPingliang Li Jianqiang LiYongsong Cao 《Chemosphere》2012,89(11):1419-1425
Quinestrol is synthetic estrogen used in contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy and occasionally for treating breast cancer and prostate cancer. It can make its way into the environment through sewage discharge and waste disposal produced by human excretions. In this study, the photodegradation kinetics of quinestrol in various conditions was investigated by UV and solar irradiation. The affecting factors were studied including concentration of hydrogen peroxide, different water types, and the initial concentrations of quinestrol. Concurrently, the transformation products and presumed pathways of quinestrol in distilled water by UV irradiation were identified and proposed. The results showed that the degradation of quinestrol in both irradiation conditions followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. More rapid degradation was observed by UV irradiation (k = 0.018 min−1) than solar irradiation (k = 0.004 h−1), and the photodegradation rate of quinestrol depended on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the initial concentration of quinestrol and water types. The transformation products of quinestrol in distilled water were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. When exposed to UV irradiation, quinestrol in aqueous solution was rapidly degraded, giving at least ten photodegradation products. The chemical structures of ten degradation products were identified on the basis of mass spectrum interpretation and literature data. 相似文献