Integrating Remote Sensing Approach with Pollution Monitoring Tools for Aquatic Ecosystem Risk Assessment and Managment: A Case Study of Lake Victoria(UGANDA)

Aquatic ecosystems around the world, lake, estuaries and coastal areas are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic pollutants through different sources such as agricultural, industrial and urban discharges, atmospheric deposition and terrestrial drainage. Lake Victoria is the second largest lake in the world and the largest tropical lake. Bordered by Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya, it provides a livelihood for millions of Africans in the region. However, the lake is under threat from eutrophication, a huge decline in the number of native fish species caused by several factors including loss of biodiversity, over fishing and pollution has been recently documented. Increasing usage of pesticides and insecticides in the adjacent agricultural areas as well as mercury contamination from processing of gold ore on the southern shores are currently considered among the most emergent phenomena of chemical contamination in the lake. By the application of globally consistent and comprehensive geospatial data-sets based on remote sensing integrated with information on heavy metals accumulation and insecticides exposure in native and alien fish populations, the present study aims at assessing the environmental risk associated to the contamination of the Lake Victoria water body on fish health, land cover distribution, biodiversity and the agricultural area surrounding the lake. By the elaboration of Landsat 7 TM data of November 2002 and Landsat 7 TM 1986 we have calculated the agriculture area which borders the Lake Victoria bay, which is an upland plain. This process has greatly enhanced nutrient loading to the soil, which is subsequently transported to the lake by rain or as dry fall. All the data has been insert in the Geographical information System (ARCGIS) to be upgraded and consulted. Heavy metals in fish fillets showed concentrations rather low except for mercury being higher than others as already described in previous investigations. In the same tissue, cholinesterases activity (ChE) as an indicator of insecticides exposure showed significant differences among fish species in both activity and sensitivity of selected inhibitor insecticides. This integrated approach aims at identifying and quantifying selected aquatic environmental issues which integrated with monitoring techniques such as contaminant concentrations and biological responses to insecticides exposure in fish populations will provide a scientific basis for aquatic zones management and assist in policy formulations at the national and international levels.     

基于ARCGIS的长株潭城市群核心区环境容量评价

区域环境容量评价与分析是区域合理开发和布局的重要依据。在ARCGIS技术的支持下,首先对长株潭城市群核心区大气、水和土壤环境容量分别进行评价与分析,形成等级图,然后,进行各因素空间叠加,经综合分析与评价,将核心区划分为5个区域：优良区、合理区、饱和区、超饱和区、过度饱和区,并且还提出了相应的建议与对策。其主旨是为促进该区域空间科学开发与布局、生态环境的合理保护,对规范长株潭城市群“两型社会”建设理性发展具有非常重要的意义,并提供参考依据     

基于ARCGIS的水泥行业碳排放点源分布与变化分析

首先对水泥行业产能与产量数据进行调研,对不同的工艺采用不同的CO2排放因子系统地计算了2000—2009年各点源企业水泥生产的CO2排放量,在点源企业排放量数据的基础上分析计算了各省份及全国总排放量的年度增长趋势。其次利用ARCGIS绘制了全国水泥行业排放点源年度分布图并分析了其空间分布特征,调查分析了我国水泥企业CO2排放源点源分布与变化规律,对水泥工业节能减排、发展低碳经济的工作具有重要的意义。     

土壤污染状况调查普查区点位布设技术初探

土壤布点是土壤污染普查前期工作的一个重要技术部分.为了以最省时、最省力的办法布设采样点,本文结合新疆的实例,介绍了在普查区ARCGIS软件不同模块综合利用进行布点的方法,利用此法能够宏观、准确和快速完成布点,既可节省人力、物力和财力,又可提高工作效率和调查精度.     

农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证土地调绘勘测工程有关问题的解决方法——以江西省分宜县为例

本文采用AutoCAD2012、ARCGIS10.2等软件为数据处理和数据库建设的平台,前期通过ARCGIS10.2成图,进行基本属性管理,取得了比较满意的外业调绘成果,后期与基于AutoCAD2012平台的建库软件完美对接,对农村土地承包经营权项目相关问题的解决具有一定的参考价值。     

基于AHP-信息量法的地质灾害危险性评价

四川省通江县是遭受地质灾害威胁较严重的地区,尤其是2011年9月17～18日,通江县发生了持续强降雨,据通江县气象局资料,两天降雨量达到362mm,造成大规模洪灾,并引发了大量的次生地质灾害。本文利用ARCGIS平台,选择年降雨量、海拔、坡度、坡高、植被覆盖率、河流侵蚀及人类工程影响七个影响因子,采用AHP-信息量模型对通江县进行地质灾害危险性评价。结果表明这种方法能合理可靠的评价地质灾害危险性,对通江县防灾减灾提供科学依据,并且对类似区域的危险性评价具有借鉴意义。     

基于GIS技术的城市道路机动车流量阈值研究

针对城市中心道路机动车流量增加带来的大气环境污染问题,探讨区域机动车流量与污染物之间的关系。分析交通污染源强、道路几何条件和气象条件,建立基于ARCGIS重点区域机动车通行容量模型,用于计算城市重点区域机动车通行量阈值。以桂林市城市中心主要道路为例,分析区域不同空气质量等级下交通量限值,为环境及交通管理提供了决策支持依据。     

基于ARCGIS API FOR FLEX的污染源WEBGIS研究

本文引入了基于ARCGIS API FOR FLEX的WebGIS技术,介绍了污染源网络地理信息系统的研究思路与方法,在分析系统总体结构、功能模块的基础上提出了三层模型架构、分布式数据库、分布式服务器和富客户端等技术,并最终设计和实现了污染源网络管理信息系统。该系统能够有效地实现污染源空间信息共享,同时为污染源信息管理和环境保护辅助决策提供强有力的技术支持。     

北京平原区地下水污染源识别与危害性分级

地下水污染源的有效识别与分级对地下水污染风险源识别和地下水污染防控区划具有重要意义.本研究通过对北京市平原区主要污染源进行解析,构建了以特征污染物属性与污染物排放量计算污染源危害性的量化计算方法.运用ARCGIS 9.3软件实现了北京市平原区的污染负荷空间分布和污染物属性的叠加分析,得到地下水污染源识别与危害性分级.结果表明,该方法能够较为细致准确地反映出污染源的危害性分级,识别结果表明工业污染源对北京平原区地下水污染贡献最大,其次是城镇居民区和垃圾场.