底泥中酸性挥发硫及同步浸提金属的测定

同步浸提金属与酸性挥发硫的比值在判断底泥重金属生物毒性方面有重要意义．描述了一套测定底泥酸性挥发硫和同步浸提金属的仪器装置和分析程序．从气体流速、反应时间、酸浓度、硫含量等方面研究了酸性挥发硫测定的最适反应条件．在此条件下酸性挥发硫的测定回收率可达９０％以上．该方法的最低检出限为００２μｍｏｌ／ｇ（干泥）．     

Simulating the dynamics of sulfur species and zinc in wetland sediments

In situ measurements comparing vertical SO₄²⁻ profiles in vegetated and non-vegetated sediments showed that SO₄²⁻ concentrations in vegetated sediments increased significantly at the beginning of the growing season and then gradually decreased during the rest of the growing season. Throughout the growing season, SO₄²⁻ concentrations remained higher in the vegetated sediments than in the sediments without plants. The higher SO₄²⁻ concentrations in the vegetated sediments indicate that oxygen release from roots and evapotranspiration-induced advection by plants play an important role in the dynamics of sulfur species in sediments. Since the total pool of solid-phase sulfide is relatively large compared to the mass of SO₄²⁻ in the sediments, the gradual decrease of SO₄²⁻ concentrations may result from limitation of the solid-phase sulfide that is in direct contact with or very close to the roots and rhizomes. This would mean that the main pool of solid-phase sulfide and associated trace metals are not affected by the oxygen release from roots, and the associated trace metals will not become bioavailable during the growing season.     

太湖沉积物酸可挥发性硫化物分布特征及重金属生物有效性评价

对太湖4个湖区沉积物的酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）和同步可提取重金属（SEM）的水平和垂直分布特征进行了研究,并对沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险进行初步评价.结果表明,氧化还原电位（Eh）与AVS和SEM含量均无显著相关性;表层沉积物中AVS含量分布在研究区差异较大,变异系数达134.28%;∑SEM含量波动较小,变异系数为...     

城市污染河道沉积物AVS与重金属生物毒性研究

采集珠江三角洲典型城市污染河道佛山水道表层沉积物和上覆水样品,测定了沉积物AVS,Eh,SEM_Pb,SEM_Cd,SEM_Cu,SEM_Zn,SEM_Ni,SEM_Cr,及上覆水Eh,DO.同步进行了底栖动物调查,结合调查结果分析了城市污染河道沉积物AVS与重金属生物毒性的关系.主要研究SEM-AVS判据在判断城市重污染河道重金属生物有效性方面的作用.所测AVS最大值为69.579 μmol/g,最小值为0.339 μmol/g,均值为20.283 μmol/g;各采样站位∑SEM₅（SEM_Pb,SEM_Cd,SEM_Cu,SEM_Zn,SEM_Ni之和）最大值为23.067 μmol/g,最小值为1.062 μmol/g;底栖动物种类和数量均较少,且基本为耐污种,优势种为水丝蚓.13个采样站位中,∑SEM₅-AVS<0的有9个,MDS分析结果显示：这9个站位中的7个底栖动物群落结构相似程度高.这表明重污染河道沉积物重金属的生物毒性与SEM-AVS的值关系密切,SEM-AVS判据在判断重污染区域重金属的生物毒性方面具有较大作用;同时说明重污染河流重金属生物毒性比较复杂,不能完全由SEM-AVS解释.     

渤海湾北部海域沉积物酸可挥发性硫(AVS)的研究

测定了渤海湾北部海域10个站位表层沉积物样品的酸可挥发性硫（AVS）和同步浸提重金属（SEM）含量,对AVS、SEM和SEM-AVS的平面分布和相互关系进行了分析,结果表明：该海域表层沉积物AVS含量范围为1．02～13．68μmol／g,平均值为3．43μmol／g;SEM含量范围为1.92～2．96μmol／g,平均值为2．22μmol／g。调查海域沉积物的SEM-AVS与AVS具有较好的线性相关性,SEM-AVS〈0的区域位于调查海域的东北部的养殖区,养殖区沉积物重金属是安全的。0〈SEM-AVS〈5的区域分布于调查海域的西北-东南方向海域,该方向海域沉积物可能存在重金属的中等毒性。     

The relation between Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS) and metal accumulation in aquatic invertebrates: Implications of feeding behavior and ecology

The present study evaluates the relationship between Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS) and metal accumulation in invertebrates with different feeding behavior and ecological preferences. Natural sediments, pore water and surface water, together with benthic and epibenthic invertebrates were sampled at 28 Flemish lowland rivers. Different metals as well as metal binding sediment characteristics including AVS were measured and multiple regression was used to study their relationship with accumulated metals in the invertebrates taxa.Bioaccumulation in the benthic taxa was primarily influenced by total metal concentrations in the sediment. Regarding the epibenthic taxa metal accumulation was mostly explained by the more bioavailable metal fractions in both the sediment and the water. AVS concentrations were generally better correlated with metal accumulation in the epibenthic invertebrates, rather than with the benthic taxa. Our results indicated that the relation between AVS and metal accumulation in aquatic invertebrates is highly dependent on feeding behavior and ecology.     

深圳湾海域沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物与重金属生态风险评价

测定了深圳湾海域10个站点表层沉积物中的AVS、TOC和同步浸提重金属(SEM)的含量,对AVS、SEM的平面分布及AVS与SEM和TOC的相互关系进行了分析。结果表明:深圳湾海域表层沉积物AVS含量范围为0.06～7.41μmol/g,平均值为2.51μmol/g;SEM含量范围为0.71～5.15μmol/g,平均值为3.06μmol/g;AVS与SEM的平面分布较一致,呈从湾顶到湾中向湾外逐渐递减的明显趋势。调查海域AVS与SEM和TOC间具有良好的线性相关性,大多数站点∑SEM-AVS的差值均0<(∑SEM-AVS)<5,说明该海域可能存在重金属的中等毒性生态风险。     

淮河淮南段底泥中酸性挥发硫与同步浸提金属的分布

采用氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析技术对淮河淮南段底泥中酸性挥发硫(AVS)以及同步浸提金属(SEM)的含量在河流沿程及垂直方向上的分布进行了测定.结果表明,淮河淮南段5个站点表层底泥中AVS的含量为0.14～0.87 μmol·g-1SEM(Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb)含量为0.5～1.1 μmol·g-1;其中,峡山口站点AVS最低,姚家湾站点AVS及SEM均为最高;从入境到出境断面,[SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比值呈逐渐下降趋势,数值都在1.0以上.不同站点AVS在垂直方向上的分布较为复杂,峡山口25 cm以上段随深度增加AVS逐渐增大.之后又逐渐降低,30 cm以下段变化很小;姚家湾表层AVS含量较高,20 cm以上段随深度增加AVS逐渐减小,之后又逐渐增大,30～35 cm层含量最高;石头埠和胡大涧站点AVS随深度变化不大.胡大涧以上4个站点柱状底泥中SEM的含量在0.25～0.9 μmol·g-1之间.对[SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比的研究显示,淮河淮南段表层底泥存在轻微的重金属污染.     

红枫湖沉积物中酸可挥发硫化物及重金属生物有效性

为调查位于喀斯特地区的饮用水水源地红枫湖水库沉积物中重金属的污染情况,测定了14个站位表层沉积物样品的酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步浸提重金属(SEM)含量, 并对AVS、SEM和[SEM]/[AVS]的大小及平面分布进行分析. 结果表明,调查区域内表层沉积物SEM与AVS比值的变化范围为0.007～0.033, 平均值为0.018. 通过[SEM]/[AVS]的值并结合间隙水及表层水中重金属的含量, 可以推断目前红枫湖表层沉积物中重金属对水生生物不具有毒性. 但对单个重金属而言,与毒性效应阈值的比较结果表明,Pb、Cd、Cu具有对底栖生物产生毒性作用的潜在风险.本结论对红枫湖的疏浚及治理具有一定的指导作用.     

红树林湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属分布特征——以珠江口淇澳岛为例

红树林湿地沉积物的独特理化性质使其能够大量富集河口重金属,为了研究珠江口湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属的分布特征及影响因素,采用重铬酸钾氧化-还原容量法、并联氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析法、等离子体发射光谱法及X射线荧光光谱法等分析了淇澳岛红树林不同生境下沉积物柱状样的基本理化性质、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步浸提...