面向新世纪的MARPOL73／78公约及其附则Ⅱ

国际海事组织目前正在对《ＭＡＲＰＯＬ７３／７８公约》附则Ⅱ－控制散装液体有毒物质污染规则作重大修改，内容包手胡毒液体物质和化学品，这很可能对主管机关、船公司和化工界造成严重的冲击。     

中国“达标排放”政策的实证分析及理论探讨

以固定点源烟尘排放为例,从排放标准和监测标准两方面讨论了中国现阶段“达标排放”的状况,指出当前的大气污染源达标排放实际上是“初步达标排放”,现在的排放标准和监测规范合适考核污染源的初步达标排放,不适合考核污染源的连续达标排放。排放标准的规定形式、监测规范和适用范围需要改革。现在的排放标准指标需要与监测规范和超标率限值结合起来,以促进污染源的连续达标排放。     

污水海洋（江河）处置工程喷口的冲淤规律

结合上海市合流污水治理二期工程排放管稀释扩散规律及泥沙冲淤规律的研究，利用少运动相似理论，通过模型试验，从环境泥沙积在上管喷口上的最不利条件出发，分析喷口对泥沙的冲液规律，提出喷口冲淤临界速的概念，并据此提出适宜的上升管高度及喷口射流角度。     

黔南州2002年土地利用变更情况分析

根据2002年土地调查结果，作者对黔南州本年度各类土地增减变更情况进行了统计分析，重点探讨了新地减少的原因以及耕地增加来源和建设用地变更情况。     

防抱制动系统Tb-S收敛特性及其对道路交通事故的影响

对汽车防抱制动系统中制动力矩Ｔｂ与车轮滑移率Ｓ的收敛特性和收敛区域进行探讨，指出该收敛区域恰与制动稳定区重合，从而可使车辆的制动性能得到极大的改善。同时，还进行了防抱制动系统对道路交通事故影响的分析与研究。     

新疆中低产田发展人工草地的初步研究

从新疆天然草地的利用，农业面临的问题出发，说明在绿洲内发展人工草地的必要性。针对全疆中低产田特点，将其分成7种基本类型。按类型总结出相应适生的饲草种类。通过人工种植这些饲草，达到合理利用改良耕地的目的，进而带动整个农业产业结构的调整，建立起适宜新疆农业发展的草地农业模式。     

移动通信信息系统安全风险评估研究

为了保障移动通信信息系统的安全,制定有效的、可操作性的、科学的安全风险评估体系是当务之急。通过对国内外移动通信信息系统安全风险评估研究的现状,结合其他行业诸如铁路系统、地理信息系统等的信息安全风险评估的经验,笔者首先从一个移动通信信息安全系统风险评估的基本概念入手,给出了诸如风险、脆弱性、威胁、残余风险等一系列定义,提出了移动通信信息系统安全风险评估工作的模型和方案,以及风险评估工作中应该考虑的要素和工作细节,旨在为风险评估工作提供理论指导,使风险评估的过程和结果更具有逻辑性、系统性和可操作性,从而提高风险评估的质量和效果。实践证明了模型和方案是行之有效的。     

A direct observation study of nighttime safety belt use in Indiana

INTRODUCTION: Nearly all direct observation studies of safety belt use are conducted exclusively during daylight hours. Recent work has suggested that safety belt use at night may differ from daytime belt use. METHODS: An observational study of nighttime safety belt use, utilizing specialized night vision equipment, was conducted in Indiana surrounding the Click It or Ticket 2006 safety belt mobilization activities. A pre- and a post-mobilization statewide direct observation survey was conducted at night coinciding with daytime safety belt use data collection conducted by the state of Indiana. Daytime and nighttime belt use rates were compared. RESULTS: The comparisons across the mobilization period revealed a significant increase during the day, but a significant decrease at night. Comparisons between daytime and nighttime belt use revealed no overall difference during the pre wave, but a significant difference during the post wave. Finally, many common daytime trends in belt use were also found at night, with the exception of the typical age and seating position effects. DISCUSSION: The mobilization activities had a positive effect on daytime belt use, but no effect on nighttime belt use, likely resulting in the differences between daytime and nighttime belt use observed during the post wave. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The findings of this study suggest that safety belt mobilizations implemented only during the day do not influence nighttime safety belt use. Changes to how these programs are implemented or additional programs specifically targeting belt use at night should be considered, along with continued monitoring of nighttime belt use.     

毒性有机物BPA与普通小球藻的相互影响特性研究

考察了不同浓度双酚A(BPA)对普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长特性的影响,以及普通小球藻生长过程对BPA的去除效能.研究表明,低浓度BPA(0~20 mg·L-1)对普通小球藻生长具有促进作用,而高浓度BPA(20~50 mg·L-1)对普通小球藻生长具有抑制作用,且抑制效应与BPA浓度呈正相关关系.低剂量BPA(<20 mg·L-1)对叶绿素含量并无明显的影响,高剂量BPA(>20 mg·L-1)造成叶绿素含量降低.在BPA初始浓度2~50 mg·L-1的范围内,普通小球藻对其都有一定的去除效能,单位普通小球藻对BPA去除速率与其初始浓度呈正相关关系.BPA投加量为50 mg·L-1时,BPA去除速率最大,且最大速率出现于延滞期与对数期之间.     

Multi-criteria decision-making considering risk and uncertainty in physical asset management

In this work we present a method for risk-informed decision-making in the physical asset management context whereby risk evaluation and cost-benefit analysis are considered in a common framework. The methodology uses quantitative risk measures to prioritize projects based on a combination of risk tolerance criteria, cost-benefit analysis and uncertainty reduction metrics. There is a need in the risk and asset management literature for a unified framework through which quantitative risk can be evaluated against tolerability criteria and trade-off decisions can be made between risk treatment options. The methodology uses quantitative risk measures for loss of life, loss of production and loss of property. A risk matrix is used to classify risk as intolerable, As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) or broadly tolerable. Risks in the intolerable and ALARP region require risk treatment, and risk treatment options are generated. Risk reduction benefit of the treatment options is quantified, and cost-benefit analysis is performed using discounted cashflow analysis. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to derive weights for prioritization criteria based on decision-maker preferences. The weights, along with prioritization criteria for risk reduction, tolerance criteria and project cost, are used to prioritize projects using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The usefulness of the methodology for improved decision-making is illustrated using a numerical example.