Biodecoloration of Reactive Black 5 by the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii MM 4035

Azo dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing and other industries. Effluents of dying industries are specially colored and could cause severe damage to the environment. The anaerobic treatment of textile dying effluents is nowadays the preferred option, but it could generate carcinogenic aromatic amines. Recently, yeasts have become a promising alternative, combining unicellular growth with oxidative mechanisms. This work reports the characterization of the first methylotrophic yeast with dye decolorizing ability, Candida boidinii MM 4035 and some insights into its decoloration mechanism. The analysis of two selected media revealed a possible two stages mechanism of Reactive Black 5 decoloration. In glucose poor media, decoloration is incomplete and only the first stage proceeds, leading to the accumulation of a purple compound. In media with higher glucose concentrations, the yeast is able to decolorize totally an initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The entire process is co-metabolic, being largely dependent on glucose concentration but being able to proceed with several nitrogen sources. Manganese dependent peroxidase but not laccase activity could be detected during decoloration. Aromatic amines do not accumulate in culture media, supporting an oxidative decoloration mechanism of unknown ecophysiological relevance.     

蒽醌染料中间体的微生物降解脱色研究

从污泥中筛选出5株对溴氨酸有较强脱色能力的菌株(JR－1～5),并取JR-1和混合菌群进行脱色条件的优化及脱色机理的初探。结果表明:混合菌群的脱色能力并不强于单株菌,混合菌群和单株菌都可以以溴氨酸为唯一碳源和唯一氮源,混合菌群的耐受极限为5 g/L,菌株最适pH为5～7,溴氨酸经微生物降解脱色后产生一新产物,此产物的最大吸收波长为410 nm。