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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2.
Plaza C Xing B Fernández JM Senesi N Polo A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):257-263
Binding of two model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene and pyrene, by humic acids (HAs) isolated from an organic substrate at different stages of composting and a soil was investigated using a batch fluorescence quenching method and the modified Freundlich model. With respect to soil HA, the organic substrate HA fractions were characterized by larger binding affinities for both phenanthrene and pyrene. Further, isotherm deviation from linearity was larger for soil HA than for organic substrate HAs, indicating a larger heterogeneity of binding sites in the former. The composting process decreased the binding affinity and increased the heterogeneity of binding sites of HAs. The changes undergone by the HA fraction during composting may be expected to contribute to facilitate microbial accessibility to PAHs. The results obtained also suggest that bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils with matured compost, rather than with fresh organic amendments, may result in faster and more effective cleanup. 相似文献
3.
E.E. Diplock D.P. Mardlin G.I. Paton 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1831-1840
There are strong drivers to increasingly adopt bioremediation as an effective technique for risk reduction of hydrocarbon impacted soils. Researchers often rely solely on chemical data to assess bioremediation efficiently, without making use of the numerous biological techniques for assessing microbial performance. Where used, laboratory experiments must be effectively extrapolated to the field scale. The aim of this research was to test laboratory derived data and move to the field scale. In this research, the remediation of over thirty hydrocarbon sites was studied in the laboratory using a range of analytical techniques. At elevated concentrations, the rate of degradation was best described by respiration and the total hydrocarbon concentration in soil. The number of bacterial degraders and heterotrophs as well as quantification of the bioavailable fraction allowed an estimation of how bioremediation would progress. The response of microbial biosensors proved a useful predictor of bioremediation in the absence of other microbial data. Field-scale trials on average took three times as long to reach the same endpoint as the laboratory trial. It is essential that practitioners justify the nature and frequency of sampling when managing remediation projects and estimations can be made using laboratory derived data. The value of bioremediation will be realised when those that practice the technology can offer transparent lines of evidence to explain their decisions. 相似文献
4.
Roland Treu Jerzy Falandysz 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(3):148-155
ABSTRACTThe literature on hydrocarbon remediation with basidiomycetes was reviewed. Two ecological groups are considered for bioremediation, the saprotrophic basidiomycetes (white-rot and brown-rot fungi) and the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes. A remarkable capacity of basidiomycetes for in vitro degradation of simple and recalcitrant hydrocarbons, such as PAH, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), halogenated HC, aromatic HC and phenols, explosives and dyes was reported for many species. However, there is a need for more studies on the practical feasibility of field applications with basidiomycetes. 相似文献
5.
Pileggi M Pileggi SA Olchanheski LR da Silva PA Munoz Gonzalez AM Koskinen WC Barber B Sadowsky MJ 《Chemosphere》2012,86(11):1127-1132
Mesotrione is a benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione herbicide that inhibits 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase in target plants. Although it has been used since 2000, only a limited number of degrading microorganisms have been reported. Mesotrione-degrading bacteria were selected among strains isolated from Brazilian aquatic environments, located near corn fields treated with this herbicide. Pantoea ananatis was found to rapidly and completely degrade mesotrione. Mesotrione did not serve as a sole C, N, or S source for growth of P. ananatis, and mesotrione catabolism required glucose supplementation to minimal media. LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that mesotrione degradation produced intermediates other than 2-amino-4-methylsulfonyl benzoic acid or 4-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid, two metabolites previously identified in a mesotrione-degrading Bacillus strain. Since P. ananatis rapidly degraded mesotrione, this strain might be useful for bioremediation purposes. 相似文献
6.
Albert L. Juhasz Euan Smith Richard Stewart 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(2):585-591
The impact of residual PAHs (2250 ± 71 μg total PAHs g−1) following enhanced natural attenuation (ENA) of creosote-contaminated soil (7767 ± 1286 μg total PAHs g−1) was assessed using a variety of ecological assays. Microtox™ results for aqueous soil extracts indicated that there was no significant difference in EC50 values for uncontaminated, pre- and post-remediated soil. However, in studies conducted with Eisenia fetida, PAH bioaccumulation was reduced by up to 6.5-fold as a result of ENA. Similarly, Beta vulgaris L. biomass yields were increased 2.1-fold following ENA of creosote-contaminated soil. While earthworm and plant assays indicated that PAH bioavailability was reduced following ENA, the residual PAH fraction still exerted toxicological impacts on both receptors. Results from this study highlight that residual PAHs following ENA (presumably non-bioavailable to bioremediation) may still be bioavailable to important receptor organisms such as earthworms and plants. 相似文献
7.
Kunichika Nakamiya Tohru Furuichi Kazuei Ishii 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):127-134
This article reports the potential of denitrifying activated sludge to degrade highly chlorinated dioxins, especially from
a (landfill) leacheate treatment plant in Japan, and the isolation from this denitrifying activated sludge of a microorganism
able to degrade highly chlorinated dioxins. Using a 700-ml bioreactor, denitrifying activated sludge was cultivated under
denitrifying conditions by adding 2.0 ng of a mixture of 4- to 8-chlorinated dioxins from fly ash. The dioxin contents of
the sample, effluent, and medium before and after cultivation were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
After 7 days cultivation, about 90% of added dioxins were lost (average percentage of isomer depletion). A dioxin-degrading
microorganism was isolated from the activated sludge. Lignin was added to the medium as a color indicator of aromatic compound
degradation, and the lignin-decolorizing microorganisms in the denitrifying activated sludge were screened. Some strains were
isolated, and one major isolated fungus, strain 622, decolorized lignin effectively. Strain 622 was identified as an Acremonium sp. from its morphological characteristics. It could decolorize lignin by 24% under paraffin-sealed anaerobic conditions.
After the cultivation of strain 622 with a 2 ng/ml mixture of 4- to 8-chlorinated dioxins for 1 day, 82% (average for individual
isomers) of the added 4- to 8-chlorinated dioxins had been degraded. Added octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD, 100 ng) was degraded under aerobic conditions after 8 h of incubation. During this process, heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was produced and appeared to be a degradation product of OCDD. 1- or 2-hydroxydibenzo-p-dioxin from OCDD was also identified as the degradation product by GC–MS. These results indicated that OCDD was degraded
to the nonchlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins through dechlorination by Acremonium sp. strain 622.
Received: October 12, 2001 / Accepted: March 11, 2002 相似文献
8.
Christian Mougin Claude Jolivalt Pierre Briozzo Catherine Madzak 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(2):145-148
Laccases are multicopper oxidases mainly secreted by filamentous fungi. Producing radical forms from organic substrates, they
are involved in numerous reactions leading to the degradation and polymerization of xenobiotics. Our studies have led to a
better knowledge of the structural, catalytic and genetic properties of laccases and allowed to develop a strategy for their
evolution through genetic engineering. Here, we show that fungal laccases, wild or engineered, may be potent tools to develop
bioremediation processes of soils polluted by organic compounds, and assays to assess the ecotoxicological impact of these
pollutants on soil fungi. 相似文献
9.
An alternative to the cleaning-up of agricultural soil contaminated by heavy metals is to avoid their transfer from soil to plant by inoculating soil with selected microorganisms able to biosorb heavy metals. Here, four bacteria species and a fungus isolated from contaminated soils revealed their ability to grow in the presence of high cadmium level. We tested their growth capacity related to pH and Cd concentration on synthetic and soil extract media. The comparison of their growth rate, the biosorbed cadmium rate and the specific biosorption allowed to select the most efficient microorganism to be used in bioremediation. 相似文献
10.
LacayoR M van Bavel B Mattiasson B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,130(3):1019-443
The degradation of technical toxaphene in water with two kinds of bioreactors operating in sequence was studied. One packed bed reactor was filled with Poraver (foam glass particles) running at anaerobic conditions and one suspended carrier biofilm reactor working aerobically. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, sulphate, pH, dissolved oxygen, total toxaphene and specific toxaphene isomers were measured. After 6 weeks approx. 87% of the total toxaphene was degraded reaching 98% by week 39. The majority of the conversion took place in the anaerobic reactor. The concentrations of toxaphene isomers with more chlorine substituents decreased more rapidly than for isomers with less chlorine substituents. 相似文献