不同共代谢基质下四氯乙烯厌氧生物降解研究

分别用葡萄糖、乳酸盐和醋酸盐作为驯化好的厌氧污泥的共代谢基质 ,对四氯乙烯 ( PCE)的降解进行研究。结果表明 ,PCE是通过还原脱氯发生生物降解的。实验的回归结果表明 ,反应均符合一级动力学方程 ;反应速率常数的大小依次为 k乳酸盐 >k葡萄糖 >k醋酸盐 ;以乳酸盐作为共代谢基质时 ,PCE的降解速率较快 ,在实验条件下乳酸盐是最合适的共代谢基质     

Co-metabolic and biochar-promoted biodegradation of mixed PAHs by highly efficient microbial consortium QY1

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical representatives of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, a novel microbial consortium QY1 that performed outstanding PAHs-degrading capacity has been enriched. The degradation characteristics of single and mixed PAHs treated with QY1 were studied, and the effect of biochar on biodegradation of mixed PAHs and the potential of biochar in PAHs-heavy metal combined pollution bioremediation were also investigated. Results showed that, in single substrate system, QY1 degraded 94.5% of 500 mg/L phenanthrene (PHE) and 17.8% of 10 mg/L pyrene (PYR) after 7 days, while in PHE-PYR mixture system, the biodegradation efficiencies of PHE (500 mg/L) and PYR (10 mg/L) reached 94.0% and 96.2%, respectively, since PHE served as co-metabolic substrate to have significantly improved PYR biodegradation. Notably, with the cooperation of biochar, the biodegradations of PHE and PYR were greatly accelerated. Further, biochar could reduce the adverse impact of heavy metals (Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr₂O₇^2?) on PYR biodegradation remarkably. The sequencing analysis revealed that Methylobacterium, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas were the dominant genera of QY1 in almost all treatments, indicating that these genera might play key roles in PAHs biodegradation. Overall, this study provided new insights into the efficient bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated site.     

厌氧条件下活性翠蓝生物降解性能研究

通过试通,考察厌氧条件下金属络合型活性染料活性翠蓝的生物降解过程,表明活性翠蓝的厌氧降解过程是氧菌对活性翠蓝与葡萄糖产生共代谢作用的结果,通过4因素3水平正交试验,厌氧条件下pH值,葡萄糖浓度,染料浓度对活性翟蓝降解率的影响是显著的,而污泥浓度的影响不显著,经正交试验确定,当pH＝6,葡萄糖浓度＝0.5g/L,染料浓主工＝20mg/L时,有利于达到较高的活性翠蓝降解率。     

好氧共基质代谢条件下处理制药废水的实验研究

采用循环移动载体生物反应器 ,以葡萄糖为共代谢基质 ,研究了共基质代谢条件下好氧生物工艺处理难降解制药废水的效果。实验结果表明 ,共代谢措施可大幅度提高制药废水COD的去除率 ,在进水葡萄糖和制药废水的浓度比为 1∶10 ,HRT为 8h ,进水COD5 0 0mg/L时 ,COD去除率达 6 5 2 %。     

Toxicity of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids and the co-metabolic degradation of N-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate

We examined the effects of the ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆], N-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate [EtPy][BF₄], and N-ethylpyridinium trifluoroacetate [EtPy][CF₃COO] on Pseudomonas fluorescens, a ubiquitous soil bacterium. In the presence of 0.5- and 1% of [BMIM][PF₆] or [EtPy][CF₃COO] the growth of bacteria was inhibited, whereas exposing them to 1% [EtPy][BF₄] increased the lag period wherein bacteria adapt to growth conditions before continuing to grow. However, at higher concentrations (5% and 10%), no growth was observed. The inhibitory effects were evident by a decrease in the optical density of the culture, a decline in the consumption of the carbon source, citric acid, and a change in the size of the bacterium. At concentrations below 1%, [EtPy][BF₄] was metabolized by P. fluorescens in the presence of citric acid. Oxidation of the side alkyl-chain of [EtPy][BF₄] caused the accumulation of N-hydroxylethylpyridinium and pyridinium as major degradation products.     

共代谢在废水处理中的应用

共代谢是微生物特殊的代谢类型,可对废水中难降解有机物进行高效去除。本文探讨了共代谢的生化机制,详细论述了共代谢在生化机理和工艺方面的研究现状,同时对共代谢降解速率的影响因素作了分析,并针对实验室研究阶段,提出了共代谢在实际废水处理中存在的问题。     

污泥驯化和共代谢对吡啶和苯降解特性的研究

利用瓦氏呼吸仪测定微生物耗氧量的方法,研究了焦化废水及其中难降解有机污染物吡啶、苯的降解特性,并对吡啶和苯分别与苯酚共基质条件下的可生化性进行了研究。结果表明,pH值为7.2时,焦化废水降解率最高;当浓度小于40mg/L时,吡啶和苯可以部分被降解,浓度大于60mg/L时微生物呼吸作用明显地被抑制;污泥驯化有利于有机污染物降解速率的提高。初步分析了共代谢降解焦化废水中难降解有机污染物的生理生化特性。