浅谈工艺方案对经济效益的影响

工艺方案的好坏,不仅将直接影响生产(试验)的成败,影响产品的质量,而且还会影响生产的成本,即最终影响企业的经济效益。此文重点介绍9303产品收口工艺方案的改变及所产生的巨大经济效益。     

Greenhouse gas emission reductions in the post-Kyoto period: Emission intensity changes required under the 'contraction and convergence' approach

Various approaches have been proposed for allocating commitments to countries regarding the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. One of these methods is the ‘contraction and convergence’ approach, which defines emission permits on the basis of converging per capita emissions under a contracting global emission profile. The approach is unique in its simplicity. Only two major issues need to be negotiated and agreed upon: the target atmospheric concentration of CO₂ and the date when the entitlements are to converge at equal per capita allocations. According to the contraction and convergence approach, developing countries can continue their current emission trends, whereas industrialized countries should reduce their emissions quite dramatically. This regime represents a shift away from the current approach towards defining commitments for all parties and their evolution over the long term. This article analyses how allocation schemes determined by the contraction and convergence approach might affect certain OECD and non‐OECD countries. Results for eleven countries selected for analysis (United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, China, Venezuela, Thailand, Brazil, India and Indonesia) reveal that trends observed in the past few decades in most industrialized countries will lead to the contraction and convergence target.     

流动缩旋紫铜筒体的试验分析

此文论述了紫铜结晶简休流动缩旋成形的试验过程.采用流动旋压缩旋筒形件的试验研究,实现了以减径为主的缩谈成形,旋出了满足紫铜结晶器精加工要求的大直径厚壁筒体.通过利用三向投影接触面积和三向旋压分力的计算分析,并与变薄旋压变形相比较,对流动缩旋有了一定的了解,探讨了流动旋压方式进行普通旋压变形的工艺过程.