微波强化CWPO工艺CuO_x-CeO_2/GAC催化剂的制备及其对二甲亚砜的降解

以颗粒活性炭(GAC)为载体、铜为活性组分、铈为助剂组分、草酸钠为沉淀剂,采用浸渍焙烧法制得CuO_x-CeO_2/GAC催化剂。以H_2O_2为氧化剂,微波强化催化湿式过氧化氢氧化(CWPO)处理二甲亚砜(DMSO)初始质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的废水,处理3 min后DMSO去除率达93.8%。催化剂第7次使用时DMSO去除率仍保持在75%以上。初始废水pH在3~9范围内,DMSO去除率均在85%以上。助剂Ce的加入提高了催化剂表面活性组分的分散性和稳定性,使催化剂的活性稳定性和使用寿命显著提高。     

神农丹农药恶臭废气资源化治理研究

采用资源化治理方式,对神农丹农药废气进行治理研究,结果表明:选择安全环保的氧化剂,将具有恶臭气味的二甲基硫醚废气氧化成无臭的二甲基亚砜.通过对反应时间、物料配比、反应温度、铁屑催化的实验研究,优化了工艺条件,将二甲基硫醚彻底氧化为二甲基亚砜,使污染物变废为宝,并在华阳集团建成了治理装置,实现了资源化和无害化治理.     

液相脉冲高压放电催化降解二甲基亚砜的研究

研究了液相脉冲高压放电Fenton催化对二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)的降解.自制了脉冲上升前沿400 ns、放电重复率96.2 Hz、峰值电压20 kV的脉冲高压系统,它驱动液相高压放电发生.对脉冲高压电极侧壁做了绝缘以考察新型电极对单脉冲功率的影响.溶液电导率对液相高压放电H2O2产率和DMSO降解的影响及Fe(Ⅱ)和O2流量对液相高压放电DMSO降解的影响进行了考察,对液相高压放电Fenton催化降解DMSO的产物浓度、产物选择性随高压放电时间的变化也进行了研究.结果表明,新型电极的单脉冲功率随电导率增加有一极限值;溶液电导率和O2流量对DMSO降解起阻碍作用;Fe(Ⅱ)对DMSO降解起Fenton催化作用;液相高压放电Fenton催化降解DMSO的降解率在高压放电45min时为80%,可生化性至少提高32%~48%,最大能量效率按G37%计为0.008 7 mol/(kW.h).并对DMSO降解机制做了探讨.本研究显示了液相等离子体联用催化剂处理有机污染物的良好效果.     

助溶剂甲苯和二甲基亚砜对斑马鱼胚胎发育的复合毒性效应

研究了甲苯和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对斑马鱼胚胎生长、发育的毒性效应.实验结果表明:低剂量的甲苯(0.05%)单一暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育有一定毒性,DMSO(0.45%)对斑马鱼胚胎无明显毒性;但甲苯与DMSO具有较强的复合毒性效应,随着DMSO含量的增加,与甲苯单一暴露组相比,斑马鱼胚胎死亡率显著增加、胚胎孵化率下降、胚胎发育迟缓并生成大量畸形;但甲苯以及甲苯和DMSO复合物对人胚肾HEK-293细胞株和人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株的活力均没有明显效应.DMSO可通过提高甲苯在水中的分散性,增加甲苯的神经毒性,但对离体实验模型无显著效应,故在选择不同生物模型评估有机污染物毒性效应时,需考虑不同类型助溶剂所产生的复合效应,以减少实验误差.     

多效膜蒸馏技术浓缩回收废水中的二甲基亚砜

利用具有内部潜热回收功能的气隙式多效膜蒸馏(MEMD)组件对含二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的化纤废水进行了浓缩回收研究,考察了料液中DMSO浓度、进料流量、进料温度和膜侧进口温度对膜通量、造水比、分离因子和回收率的影响。结果表明,多效膜蒸馏可以将DMSO废水浓缩至200~300 g/L;初始浓度为6.2 g/L时,造水比和分离因子最高值分别为12.4和76.0;虽然膜通量、造水比和分离因子均随料液浓度增大而下降,但是当DMSO浓度达到200 g/L时,膜通量、造水比、分离因子仍分别高达3.74 L/(m2·h)、7.1、32.1;在整个浓缩过程中,回收率维持在99.6%以上;当DMSO废水浓缩达到150 g/L以上时,含有少量DMSO的渗透液可作为二次料液继续用MEMD过程浓缩。膜组件在连续运行的1个月内保持了良好的操作性能。该实验研究表明,多效膜蒸馏过程可以高效节能地浓缩回收化纤废水中的DMSO。     

化纤废水中二甲基亚砜和丙烯腈的高效液相色谱分析

研究了同时测定化纤废水中二甲基亚砜和丙烯腈含量的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用HPLC-PDA,HypersilBDS C18色谱柱,以甲醇∶水=20∶80为流动相对试样中的二甲基亚砜和丙烯腈进行了测定。该方法适用于化纤废水中两组分的痕量分析,也可用于高浓度废水试样的测定。丙烯腈的最低检出浓度为0.2mg/L;满足了GB 8978污水综合排放标准中一级指标(2.0mg/L)的要求;同时也符合GB 11607渔业水质标准的要求(0.5mg/L)。二甲基亚砜尚未制定限量标准,方法的最低检出浓度为0.48mg/L。     

In vivo and in vitro metabolism of tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), by the freshwater planarian, Dugesia japonica

Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for human health, and many studies were conducted to investigate its adverse effects on humans and other mammals. However, since large amounts of cigarette products are produced and consumed, it is possible that tobacco chemicals can end up in aquatic environments through several routes, thus influencing aquatic organisms. In this study, the presence of tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), in aquatic environment was demonstrated. Since toxic effects on and distribution patterns of tobacco chemicals in aquatic organisms were rarely studied, after results of an acute toxicity pretest were obtained, experiment was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation pattern of NNK and distribution patterns of its metabolites, mainly 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), in NNK-treated freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies showed that NNK was readily converted to NNAL through the carbonyl reduction in bodies of NNK-treated planarians. Tissue concentrations of both chemicals increased in time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, we examined the end products of NNK/NNAL α-hydroxylation in NNK-treated planarians, but only 1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4-butanediol was detected, suggesting that NNK metabolism in planarians partially differs from that in mammalian systems. This is the first report on NNK metabolism in an aquatic organism and can be used as a foundation for developing freshwater planarians as a new in vivo model for the study of NNK toxicology in the future.     

Antimony leaching in plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with various acids and gamma irradiation

There has been a recent interest in antimony since the availability in readily mined areas is decreasing compared to the amounts used. It is important in many applications such as flame retardants and in the production of polyester, which can trigger an investigation of the leachability of antimony from plastics using different acids. In this paper, different types of acids are tested for their ability to leach antimony from a discarded computer housing, made of poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which is a common plastic type used in electrical and electronic equipment. The acid solutions included sodium hydrogen tartrate (0.5 M) dissolved in either dimethyl sulfoxide or water (at ca. 23 °C and heated to ca. 105 °C). The metal content after leaching was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The most efficient leaching medium was the heated solution of sodium hydrogen tartrate in dimethyl sulfoxide, which leached almost half of the antimony from the poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Gamma irradiation, which is proposed to improve the mechanical properties in plastics, was used here to investigate the influence of antimony leaching ability. No significant change in the amount of leached antimony could be observed.     

气相色谱分析空气和废气中二甲基亚砜

空气和废气中二甲基亚砜分析国内还未有相关分析方法报道,本文根据二甲基亚砜的物化性质采用无水乙醇吸收空气和废气中二甲基亚砜。毛细柱分离、气相色谱分析氢离子火焰检测器检测。实验过程方便、样品分析快速。通过实验总结出合适的采样条件和分析条件并对该物质采样流量、采样时间;标准溶液放置时间、样品存放时间做了详细的实验,得各项数据均符合质量控制要求相关系数为0.9991,标准偏差在：0.01-0.42之间,采样效率在：91.2%-98.7%之间,能满足环境监测工作的需要。