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Pollination systems in which the host plant provides breeding sites for pollinators, invariably within flowers, are usually
highly specialized mutualisms. We found that the pollinating bee Braunsapis puangensis breeds within the caulinary domatia of the semi-myrmecophyte Humboldtia brunonis (Fabaceae), an unusual ant-plant that is polymorphic for the presence of domatia and harbours a diverse invertebrate fauna
including protective and non-protective ants in its domatia. B. puangensis is the most common flower visitor that carries the highest proportion of H. brunonis pollen. This myrmecophyte is pollen limited and cross-pollinated by bees in the daytime. Hence, the symbiotic pollinator
could provide a benefit to trees bearing domatia by alleviating this limitation. We therefore report for the first time an
unspecialised mutualism in which a pollinator is housed in a plant structure other than flowers. Here, the cost to the plant
is lower than for conventional brood-site pollination mutualisms where the pollinator develops at the expense of plant reproductive
structures. Myrmecophytes housing resident pollinators are unusual, as ants are known to be enemies of pollinators, and housing
them together may decrease the benefits that these residents could individually provide to the host plant. 相似文献
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