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排序方式: 共有372条查询结果,搜索用时 14 毫秒
1.
Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):348-357
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China. 相似文献
2.
以邢台市环境保护监测站10年来的监测资料为依据,运用单因子比值法,环比发展速率外推法和直线回归法,对地下水环境质量现状及10年的动态变化进行了分析,研究和评述,并对发展趋势做了预测性评价。 相似文献
3.
吹扫捕集与色谱质谱联用测定水中挥发性有机物 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用吹扫描集与色谱质谱联用的对水中19种挥发性有机物同时进行富集分离,定性和定量检测,结果表明,不同化合物的平均回收率大于90%相对偏差小于5%,该方法的检测限约为0.1-0.4μ/L。实验证明吹扫描集与色谱质谱联用技术是快速测定水中挥发性有要峨的有效手段。 相似文献
4.
城市生活垃圾堆肥动态工艺 DANO 的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究了DANO式动态堆肥工艺处理我国城市生活垃圾的主要参数。结果表明,对有机物含量为50%~60%的堆料,初步稳定化时间为3~4日,耗氧速率每分钟为0.1%~0.2%,温度高于50℃;达到完全稳定化,所需时间为14~15日,具体数值与堆料特性有关。有机物含量低于40%的堆料,则不宜以本工艺处理。 相似文献
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基于神经网络的重大危险源动态分级研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
利用自组织神经网络对重大危险源进行动态分级研究,介绍了神经网络的模式聚类即分级法的自组织学习过程和算法,克服了以往危险源分级方法的某些局限性。在计算机上进行的模拟计算表明:基于自组织神经网络的重大危险源动态分级方法是合理可行的 相似文献
8.
The subsea wellhead connector is a critical connection component between subsea Christmas tree and subsea wellhead for preventing the leakage of oil and gas in the subsea production system. Excited by cyclical loadings due to environmental forces and the other support forces, the subsea wellhead connector is prone to the failure, which could lead to the loss of subsea tree or wellhead integrity and even catastrophic accidents. With the Monte Carlo simulation method, this paper presents a reliability analysis approach based on dynamic Bayesian Networks, aiming to assess the failure probability of the subsea wellhead connector during service life. Take the driving ring component of the subsea wellhead connector as an example to demonstrate the reasonability of the proposed model. The generation data is processed by the transform between the numerical value and the state variable. Based on the stress-strength interference theory, the structure reliability of the driving ring with 96.26% is achieved by the proposed model with the consideration the aging of the material strength and the most influential factors are figured out. Meanwhile, the corresponding control measures are proposed effectively reduce the failure risk of the subsea wellhead connector during service life. 相似文献
9.
The reaction of HCHO with Beijing winter's real ambient particulate matter(PM) inside a 3.3 m~3 Teflon Chamber was conducted in this study. NO_2, O_3 and H_2O gases were removed from the ambient aerosol before entering into the chamber. The decays of HCHO were monitored(acetylacetone spectrophotometry method) during the reactions at different PM number concentrations(N_a) and relative humidities(RHs), and the formed particulate formate was detected by IC and XPS techniques. The results showed that when RH was10%–15%, the decay rate of HCHO in the chamber was higher with the existence of PM from relatively clean days(with number concentration(N_a) 200,000 particle/L, 0.35–22.5 μm)compared to dirty days(N_a 200,000 particle/L, 0.35–22.5 μm). When RH increased to 30%–45%, PM can hardly have significant influences on the decay of HCHO. The formations of formate on the reacted PM were consistent with the HCHO decay rates at different ambient PM N_aand RH conditions. This is a first study related to the "real" ambient PM reacted with HCHO and suggested that in the clean and low RH days, PM could be an effective medium for the conversion of HCHO to formate. 相似文献
10.