Levels of tin in core sediments along the Alexandria Coast, Egypt

Tin concentrations were determined in surface and core sediments from three hot spots along the Alexandria coast, namely: Abu-Qir Bay, Eastern Harbour, and Western Harbour. The mean concentrations in surface sediment were 2.434, 3.212, and 5.572 μg/g dry weight for Abu-Qir Bay, Eastern Harbour, and Western Harbour, respectively. A sharp decrease in tin level in core sediments with depth was observed in almost all locations except for core 4 in Abu-Qir Bay and core 17 in the Eastern Harbour, where the sub-sample at the 5 cm level recorded the highest tin concentrations.     

博斯腾湖水质矿化度模型及预测研究

根据博斯腾湖１９８５～１９９５年水质监测数据和出入湖水量等水文数据观测值，采用水质扩散模型和盐量平衡关系推导出博斯腾湖大湖区（简称博湖）水质矿化度模型，并预测了几种情况下博湖水质矿化度及近几年变化趋势，分析了影响博湖水质矿化度的主要因素，为博湖的近期和远期环境保护规划、环境管理等提供科学依据．     

扬子型铜矿床矿物稀土元素地球化学

本文较系统研究了扬子型铜矿床中有代表性的菱铁矿、胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铜矿及部分脉石矿物的稀土元素组成及特征，总结了展状矿石中和矽卡岩矿石中矿物稀土元素组成的特点及二者之间存在的明显差别，从一个方面探索扬子型铜矿床的成因。     

南京东郊石炭纪威宁期的风暴沉积

南京东郊石炭纪威宁期碳酸盐岩地层中普遍见有风暴沉积,以有突变的底界和底面构造、贝壳层、粒序层以及在风暴低能快速堆积条件下所形成的遮蔽构造等为基本鉴别要素,这些要素的不同组合构成的剖面结构可划分为五种类型,据此笔者提出本区风暴沉积的综合剖面结构。     

广西桂林旅游资源的可持续利用

桂林正在由国际性观光型旅游目的地向观光度假型旅游目的地转型。在实现转型的过程中,桂林应进一步优化旅游资源的空间结构,建构旅游资源开发的核心区、联动区与辐射影响区,促进旅游产品质量升级与结构调整,提高桂林在国际旅游市场上的竞争力,实现旅游资源的可持续利用。     

基于高分辨率MARGA分析桂林市PM2.5水溶性离子特征

利用高时间分辨率MARGA于2017年2月17日~3月24日在桂林市开展PM_2.5组分监测，结合同一点位环境和气象监测数据，分析桂林市大气PM_2.5水溶性无机离子组分特征及气溶胶酸性.结果表明：MARGA监测的PM_2.5中8种水溶性离子与PM_2.5变化趋势一致.8种水溶性离子总浓度均值29.27μg/m³，3种二次水溶性离子SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺浓度均值26.91μg/m³，占水溶性离子总浓度的93.50%，是桂林市大气PM_2.5的主要组分.二次水溶性离子SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺和NO₃^-两两之间存在显著正相关性（相关系数均>0.80），提示二次离子产生的机制及在大气中的演化、沉积具有一定的相似性.无论有无降雨，能见度（Vis）均随着水溶性离子，尤其是二次水溶性离子浓度的增加呈幂函数规律递减.24h累计降雨量≥ 10.0mm时，湿清除作用明显.晴天及降雨量不大的天气下，需注意管控机动车尾气、生物质燃烧和扬尘污染.SOR、NOR分别为0.35、0.12，SO₂同时通过均相和非均相氧化反应转化为SO₄^2-，NO_x主要是通过白天光化学反应转化为NO₃^-.大多数离子和气态前体物均存在明显的日变化规律，这与物质的来源、形成机制和气象条件不同有关.CE/AE摩尔浓度均值为1.5，桂林市PM_2.5总体偏碱性.PM_2.5中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Cl^-主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄、NH₄NO₃和NH₄Cl形式存在.PM_2.5中NH₄⁺可能与监测点位交通源排放有关，桂林市应加强交通污染物排放管控.     

桂林市极端天气气候事件分析

桂林是以"甲天下"的山水美景而闻名的国际旅游城市,极端天气气候事件造成的灾害将给其社会经济的发展带来负面影响.本文采用桂林1951～2004年的资料,统计干旱、暴雨、高温和强对流天气等极端天气气候事件的出现频率、强度并分析其演变趋势.结果显示,近50年来,桂林市极端天气气候事件除暴雨、干旱强度增大外,频率变化呈平稳或减小趋势.     

The effect of protected areas on forest disturbance in the Carpathian Mountains 1985–2010

Protected areas are a cornerstone for forest protection, but they are not always effective during times of socioeconomic and institutional crises. The Carpathian Mountains in Eastern Europe are an ecologically outstanding region, with widespread seminatural and old‐growth forest. Since 1990, Carpathian countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine) have experienced economic hardship and institutional changes, including the breakdown of socialism, European Union accession, and a rapid expansion of protected areas. The question is how protected‐area effectiveness has varied during these times across the Carpathians given these changes. We analyzed a satellite‐based data set of forest disturbance (i.e., forest loss due to harvesting or natural disturbances) from 1985 to 2010 and used matching statistics and a fixed‐effects estimator to quantify the effect of protection on forest disturbance. Protected areas in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and the Ukraine had significantly less deforestation inside protected areas than outside in some periods; the likelihood of disturbance was reduced by 1–5%. The effectiveness of protection increased over time in these countries, whereas the opposite was true in Romania. Older protected areas were most effective in Romania and Hungary, but newer protected areas were more effective in Czech Republic, and Poland. Strict protection (International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] protection category Ia‐II) was not more effective than landscape‐level protection (IUCN III‐VI). We suggest that the strength of institutions, the differences in forest privatization, forest management, prior distribution of protected areas, and when countries joined the European Union may provide explanations for the strikingly heterogeneous effectiveness patterns among countries. Our results highlight how different the effects of protected areas can be at broad scales, indicating that the effectiveness of protected areas is transitory over time and space and suggesting that generalizations about the effectiveness of protected areas can be misleading.     

重点旅游城市旅游生态足迹研究——以桂林市为例

旅游生态足迹分析可定量反映旅游业对自然生态环境产生的压力和影响程度,为旅游业可持续发展研究提供新的思路和研究方向。研究表明：2009年桂林市人均生态旅游足迹为367.823m2,旅游生态足迹结构中旅游交通高达268.461m2,占72.99%;6种生物生产性土地中所占比例最大的是化石能源地,为270.65m2,占73.58%。通过桂林市的旅游生态足迹和旅游承载力的对比,发现桂林市旅游业的生态需求大于供给,人均旅游生态赤字达84.326m2。为实现当地旅游业的可持续发展,应有效降低能源消耗,倡导节能出行方式,发展低碳旅游。     

新疆香山铜镍矿区热液作用性质及其成矿潜力研究

香山铜镍矿床位于东天山土墩-黄山-图拉尔根铜镍矿带中部,具有较好的铜、镍资源前景。矿区内热液作用发育,出现大量蚀变矿物、含金属硫化物的石英/方解石脉状矿石贯穿基性岩石。通过对蚀变矿物特征、石英/方解石中流体包裹体、金属硫化物成分等研究,探讨热液作用性质及其成矿意义。研究表明,岩石蚀变矿物主要为蛇纹石(两个世代)、纤闪石、绿泥石和黑云母等,说明热液流体具有多阶段特征,含有一定量的卤素挥发分;矿石蚀变矿物主要为针镍矿、紫硫镍矿、红砷镍矿、辉砷钴矿等,说明热液流体的硫逸度逐渐增高;脉状矿石中,石英/方解石中以富液相流体包裹体为主,其大小为4~12μm,气液比5~15%之间,均一温度峰值为200~240℃,表明热液流体具有中高温性质。在对比邻区热液矿床流体包裹体特征和硫同位素组成的基础上,认为香山铜镍矿区内热液作用可能为与含铜镍拉斑玄武质岩浆相关的中高温热液事件,它具有富集Pt、Ag和Au的潜力。