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叙述了发展野外环境教育活动的必要性,提出了开展野外环境教育活动的3种设计类型即描述解释型,验证假设型和设计发现型。结合实例说明了野外环境教育活动的设计与评估。 相似文献
3.
西北地区油田开发对生态环境影响的几点分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
西北地区由于其特殊的地理条件 ,生态环境比较脆弱 ,因此 ,在此区域进行油田开发建设 ,一定要注意保护好当地生态环境。本文分析了西北地区油田开发对生态环境的影响 ,并提出切实可行的环保措施 ,以保护该区域脆弱的生态环境 相似文献
4.
Industrial ecology: a new field or only a metaphor? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the 10 years since industrial ecology first became a topic of academic interest, it has grown as a field of inquiry and has produced a community of practice in several sectors including academia, business, and government. Even as the shape of industrial ecology becomes clearer, questions remain as to its lasting power beyond the metaphor that gave it its distinctiveness. This paper examines the development of industrial ecology and assesses its progress towards becoming a field of academic inquiry. And, in a related analysis, I look at the progress industrial ecology has made in establishing itself as an institutional (cultural) basis for action in the above sectors. Ideas like industrial ecology must become institutionalized if they are to have much effect on the reality of everyday activities. 相似文献
5.
浅析江苏油田井下作业清洁生产工艺技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以江苏油田井下作业清洁生产工艺为例,分析了井下作业施工造成对环境污染的因素,介绍了江苏油田在井下作业前期、中期、后期清洁生产的措施及其相关配套新工艺、新技术的应用和取得的效果。 相似文献
6.
7.
Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area
using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS. 相似文献
8.
Roberts DA Johnston EL Müller S Poore AG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):153-162
Epifaunal communities associated with macroalgae were exposed to storm water pulses using a custom made irrigation system. Treatments included Millipore freshwater, freshwater spiked with trace metals and seawater controls to allow for the relative importance of freshwater inundation, trace metals and increased flow to be determined. Experimental pulses created conditions similar to those that occur following real storm water events. Brief storm water pulses reduced the abundance of amphipods and gastropods. Freshwater was the causative agent as there were no additional effects of trace metals on the assemblages. Laboratory assays indicated that neither direct nor latent mortality was likely following experimental pulses and that epifauna readily avoid storm water. Indirect effects upon epifauna through salinity-induced changes to algal habitats were not found in field recolonisation experiments. Results demonstrate the importance of examining the effects of pulsed contaminants under realistic exposure conditions and the need to consider ecologically relevant endpoints. 相似文献
9.
Dimitrakopoulos PG Siamantziouras AS Galanidis A Mprezetou I Troumbis AY 《Environmental management》2006,37(6):826-839
We conducted a field experiment using constructed communities to test whether species richness contributed to the maintenance
of ecosystem processes under fire disturbance. We studied the effects of diversity components (i.e., species richness and
species composition) upon productivity, structural traits of vegetation, decomposition rates, and soil nutrients between burnt
and unburnt experimental Mediterranean grassland communities. Our results demonstrated that fire and species richness had
interactive effects on aboveground biomass production and canopy structure components. Fire increased biomass production of
the highest-richness communities. The effects of fire on aboveground biomass production at different levels of species richness
were derived from changes in both vertical and horizontal canopy structure of the communities. The most species-rich communities
appeared to be more resistant to fire in relation to species-poor ones, due to both compositional and richness effects. Interactive
effects of fire and species richness were not important for belowground processes. Decomposition rates increased with species
richness, related in part to increased levels of canopy structure traits. Fire increased soil nutrients and long-term decomposition
rate. Our results provide evidence that composition within richness levels had often larger effects on the stability of aboveground
ecosystem processes in the face of fire disturbance than species richness per se. 相似文献
10.
Steel tanks are widely used in the storage of various chemical liquids, and the blast resistance of the tanks is very important because of the explosiveness of these liquids. To explore a feasible method to improve the blast resistance of steel tanks, the effect of polyurea coating on the blast resistance of steel storage tank is investigated in this paper. The responses of monolithic steel tanks and polyurea coated tanks under blast loads are studied by field blast experiments using TNT explosive, and the results shows that the polyurea layers are effective in reducing the maximum and residual displacements of the tank. Numerical simulations are performed and validated, and the deformation process and stress and strain distribution of the tanks are analyzed accordingly. The increase on the bending moment of the plastic hinge lines of the tanks and the increase of the area density of the cylindrical shell induced by the polyurea layers are believed to be the two main factors contributing to the displacement reduction effect of polyurea in this paper. The validated numerical model is used to study the influence of polyurea layer's thickness on the deflection of the tank, and a nearly inversely proportional relationship between the thickness and the maximum displacement is found. Three deformation modes of the tanks are identified when subjected to blast load with varying intensity and it is found that the displacement reduction effect of polyurea varies in different deformation modes. 相似文献