CMC-膨润土交联固定镰刀菌反应器对对氯苯酚废水的降解特性

采用CMC-膨润土交联方法固定镰刀菌,研究了其固定方法对4-CP废水的降解效果,考察了固定化生物反应器间歇与连续运行处理4-CP废水的降解性能.结果表明,CMC-膨润土包埋固定镰刀菌对4-CP的降解速率最大;反应器问歇运行时,4-CP的降解率随其初始浓度增加而有所下降,浓度高于50 mg·L-1的4-CP降解过程基本上...     

镰刀菌HJ01对对氯苯酚的降解特性

采用实验室分离的一株镰刀菌HJ01,以对氯苯酚(4-CP)为降解底物,以蔗糖为外加碳源,考察了蔗糖质量浓度、降解温度、初始pH对4-CP降解效果的影响,初步探讨了镰刀菌HJ01对4-CP的降解动力学和降解机理.实验结果表明:该菌株能以4-CP为惟一碳源和能源生长;在外加蔗糖为碳源,蔗糖质量浓度为3 g/L、降解温度为30℃、初始pH为8的条件下,50 mg/L4-CP能在6 d内被完全降解.以4-CP为惟一碳源和外加蔗糖下的降解动力学分别符合Haldane模型和一级动力学方程.     

中国与欧洲禾谷镰刀菌DON毒素HPLC定量比较分析

选用4个来自中国、7个来自欧洲的代表性禾谷镰刀菌菌株,经脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素特异引物鉴定,确认其具有产生DON毒素的遗传物质基础后,接种于PDB培养基培养7d,从培养基上清中经硅胶柱分离、纯化DON毒素,经HPLC定量分析表明,纯化的禾谷镰刀菌DON毒素,与购自公司的DON毒素标准样品一样,其HPLC检测谱峰清晰明显,基线平稳,无干扰,保留时间为9.5min左右;供试菌株的DON毒素含量分布在0.023~1.934μg/mL之间,德国菌株F703产毒量最大,比位居第二的中国菌株5005(1.232μg/mL)高57%;其余的6个欧洲菌株中,除意大利菌株Lor9(0.128μg/mL)略低于另一个中国菌株7105(0.135μg/mL)外,均比3个中国菌株(4020、7105、8029)的产毒量大.欧洲镰刀菌产生DON毒素的能力远远大于中国菌株,这说明欧洲菌株长期在欧洲生态环境下已演变形成其特有的高毒素代谢类型,我国有必要严防欧洲禾谷镰刀菌入侵,加强对来自欧洲的禾谷类粮食及其产品的镰刀菌和毒素的检疫和监控;同时,本研究建立的毒素样品制备与HPLC检测体系可用于准确定量分析样品的DON毒素.图3表2参14     

白兰瓜果腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及优势病菌的毒性测定

对引起白兰瓜贮藏期果腐病的病原菌进行了分离、鉴定和致病性测定，明确了Fusarium lateritium Nees，Cephalothecium roseum，Aspergillus spp．，Penicillium spp．，Rhizopus stolonifer等5种引起白兰瓜果实腐烂的病原真菌，其中以F.lateritium Nees的危害最为严重，为优势菌，其次为C.roseum．而F.lateritium在pH6的Richard培养液中，置25℃黑暗静置培养14d后获得的培养滤液对白兰瓜种子胚根的抑制率最强．F.lateritium产生的毒素为非专化性毒素．表4参7     

沤肥浸渍液对3种黄瓜病害的防治作用

从１９９２ 年开始连续８ 年研究马、牛和猪厩肥沤制并浸泡提取物对黄瓜病害的防治作用．盆栽试验表明,沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病、黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜白粉病具有良好的防治效果,对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果可达４６ ．５ ％６７ ．３ ％ ,对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果可达７２ ．１ ％９２ ．５ ％ ,对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果可达７２ ．３ ％７９ ．７ ％ ．对沤肥浸渍液的防病机理的研究表明,微生物代谢产物对病原菌孢子的抑制作用、沤肥中微生物对病原菌的拮抗作用和沤肥诱导的生理生化和组织形态方面的抗病性起着重要的作用     

青霉菌和镰刀菌对重金属Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附特性

研究了青霉菌和镰刀菌对重金属Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和Pb2+的吸附特性,探讨了复合重金属和不同培养基对菌株吸附能力的影响.同时,采用察氏液体培养基(CDM)和马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(PDB)接种菌株,对不同种类和浓度的重金属进行吸附实验.结果表明,青霉菌和镰刀菌对Cd2+、Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附率随金属浓度的升高而下降,吸附量随金属浓度的增加先增大后减小;当浓度增加到较高值(300mg·L-1)时,Pb2+的吸附率开始下降,吸附量先逐渐增加后变化不大.菌丝体对重金属的吸附能力表现出一定的差异性,对Pb2+的吸附率和吸附量明显高于其他3种金属,CDM培养青霉菌对300mg·L-1Pb2+的最大吸附量达到34.80mg·g-1.多种重金属的复合抑制了菌丝体对重金属离子的吸附.不同菌丝体对复合重金属的吸附量差异性较大,PDB培养混合菌体对重金属离子的吸附率和吸附量均较大,并有明显的促进作用.CDM培养菌丝体对Pb2+的吸附量均高于PDB培养菌丝体.     

Fungicidal activity and molecular modeling of fusarubin analogues from Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Fusarubin analogues of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were investigated for antifungal activity in vitro against five soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. 3-O-Methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin was inhibitory towards S. sclerotiorum (EC₅₀ 0.33?mmol L^?1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (EC₅₀ 0.38?mmol L^?1). A structure–antifungal activity relationship of fusarubin analogues was established from their activity performance. Possible mechanism of action of these compounds was studied using molecular docking and simulations against three target enzymes which revealed receptor ligand binding affinity. Docking of 3-O-methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin into the succinate dehydrogenase site revealed formation of salt bridge, hydrogen bond, π–anion, π–alkyl, and Van der Waals interactions.     

Two herbivore-deterrent iridoid glycosides reduce the in-vitro growth of a specialist but not of a generalist pathogenic fungus of Plantago lanceolata L

Summary. Many secondary plant compounds are involved in defense against both insect herbivores and pathogens. Two secondary plant compounds of Plantago lanceolata, the iridoid glycosides catalpol and its precursor aucubin, are well known for their deterrent effects on generalist and non-adapted specialist insect herbivores. We tested the effects of these compounds on the in-vitro growth of a specialist and generalist fungal pathogen of this host species. Two chemical forms of these iridoids were tested. The glycosides and their aglycones, the products of enzymatic conversion by specific $/Beta$-glucosidase enzymes. The glycosides enhanced growth of both the specialist fungus Diaporthe adunca and the generalist fungus Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. The positive effect of these glycosides on the generalist fungus is in sharp contrast with the generally negative effects of these glysosides on generalist insect herbivores. The aglycones of aucubin and catalpol reduced the growth of the specialist fungus D. adunca, but, contrary to expectation, enhanced the growth of the generalist fungus F. moniliforme var. subglutinans. Effects of aucubin on D. adunca were stronger than effects of catalpol. This was true both for the growth stimulating effects of the glycosides and for the fungitoxic effects of the aglycones. We therefore expect that the effects of these iridoids in P. lanceolata on the specialist fungus will strongly depend on the ratio between catalpol and its precursor aucubin and the chemical form (glycoside or aglycone) in which these compounds are encountered by the fungus during growth. Our results suggest that iridoid glycosides in P. lanceolata can be used as defense against both herbivores and pathogens, but that their effects are highly specific with respect to the natural enemy species that is encountered. Received 11 April 2002; accepted 9 August 2002     

粉葛根腐病的病原鉴定

近年来发现一种严重为害粉葛块根的土传病害。经显微镜直接检查、病原菌分离培养观察、致病性测定及田间病害调查，初步鉴定该病为粉葛镰刀菌根腐病，病原菌为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani，属半知菌亚门真菌)；该病的发生是由于腐皮镰刀菌与植物线虫复合感染所致。该报道在中国尚属首例。     

降解酸性蓝B的镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)HJ01的分离和降解特性研究

从膨润土中分离出一株对酸性蓝B具有降解效果的镰刀菌(Fusariumsp.)HJ01,研究了其生长特征和动力学模型模拟、降解酶的性质以及对酸性蓝B的脱色效果.结果表明:菌株生长的适宜条件为:pH范围为6~7,蔗糖为碳源,NH4Cl为氮源.菌体生长符合改进的logistic law模型.SDS-PAGE分析HJ01菌株所产漆酶的相对分子量约为66×103,在低氮条件下漆酶活性高达431~812U·mg~(-1)·s~(-1).菌体培养96h后加入到含100mg·L~(-1)酸性蓝B的培养基中,再培养96h,酸性蓝B的脱色率达100%.紫外光谱分析表明,酸性蓝B的发色基团蒽醌环被漆酶破坏.