甘蔗糖蜜酒精废液培养食用菌丝的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜酒废液作为唯一原料对多种食用菌丝进行培养比较，筛选出最适于废液生长的菌种--灵芝菌，并研究了种龄、温度、pH值等对菌丝生长的影响。在不需添加其它营养物质的情况下，培养周期力为4d，菌丝得率达1.1g/100ml。废液的糖浓度从2.1g/100ml降到0.5g/100ml，COD除去率为39％左右。     

利用三七渣固态发酵灵芝菌的研究

以川芝6号为发酵菌种,对三七渣固态发酵灵芝菌的培养基制备条件进行了研究和优化。结果表明,优化的培养基制备条件为采用过60目筛的三七渣,酵母粉添加量5%(质量分数,下同),磷酸二氢钾添加量0.025%,培养基含水量70%,不调节初始pH。在此条件下进行灵芝发酵,发酵培养物中灵芝菌丝体的质量分数最高可达31.27%。     

灵芝漆酶对直接蓝86的催化脱色性能

利用灵芝菌Ganoderma lucidum U-281漆酶对直接蓝86进行酶促氧化脱色,并对其降解机理进行了探讨。结果表明,染料-漆酶共反应体系在20～50℃及pH小于5.0范围内,直接蓝86均可脱色50%以上;漆酶对直接蓝86具有宽泛的浓度适应性,对300 mg/L的该染料仍具有耐受性。最优脱色工艺参数为温度40℃、pH 5.0、染料初始浓度200 mg/L、漆酶用量1 U/mL。在优化条件下,直接蓝863 h的脱色率达到54.54%,48 h脱色率达到91.54%。紫外-可见吸收光谱分析表明,漆酶的酶促氧化导致染料的分子结构产生了变化,是造成直接蓝86脱色的主要发生机制。     

Efficacy of supplementation of selected medicinal mushrooms with inorganic selenium salts

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of supplementation with inorganic forms of selenium (Na₂SeO₄ and Na₂SeO₃) in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mM of three medicinal mushroom species: Agrocybe aegerita, Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum. Tested mushroom species grew in Se additions of 0–0.6 mM (A. aegerita and H. erinaceus), while growth of G. lucidum bodies was observed for 0–0.8 mM. For the latter mushroom species, the total Se content was the highest. Content of Se_org was diverse; for control bodies it was the highest for G. lucidum (only organic forms were present), lower for A. aegerita (84% organic forms) and the lowest for H. erinaceus (56% organic forms). Accumulation of Se(IV) was generally significantly higher than Se(VI) for all tested mushroom species. There was no significant decrease of A. aegerita or G. lucidum biomass with the exception of G. lucidum bodies growing under 0.8 mM of Se species addition (15.51 ± 6.53 g). Biomass of H. erinaceus bodies was the highest under 0.2 (197.04 ± 8.73 g), control (191.80 ± 6.06 g) and 0.1 mM (185.04 ± 8.73 g) of both inorganic salts. The addition to the medium of Se salts brought about macroscopic changes in the fruiting bodies of the examined mushrooms. Concentrations exceeding 0.4 mM caused diminution of carpophores or even their total absence. In addition, colour changes of fruiting bodies were also recorded. At Se concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6 mM, A. aegerita fruiting bodies were distinctly lighter and those of H. erinaceus changed colour from purely white to white-pink.     

红芝所产漆酶对蒽醌染料的脱色研究

以红芝Ganoderma lucidum发酵所得漆酶粗酶液对蒽醌染料进行脱色实验,分别考察了反应时间、染料浓度、温度、pH、转速等条件对蒽醌染料脱色的影响。结果表明,红芝漆酶粗酶液对蒽醌染料具有很好的脱色效果,脱色的适宜条件为:染料浓度150mg/L、反应温度40℃、pH值3.5。在上述条件下反应8h,蒽醌染料脱色率可达90%左右,摇床转速对染料脱色影响不大。     

灵芝中重金属的检测及其健康风险初步评价

为了研究灵芝中重金属的污染状况,对北京市一些药店及部分中医门诊部所售的不同产地灵芝中的As、Hg、Pb等重金属元素含量进行了测定.结果表明,灵芝中As含量范围为0.016￣0.239mg·kg-1,平均值0.117mg·kg-1,Hg含量范围从未检出到0.43mg·kg-1,平均值0.115mg·kg-1,Pb含量范围从未检出到0.256mg·kg-1,平均值0.047mg·kg-1,As、Pb含量均符合我国《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》,Hg有5例超标,占样品总数的25%,主要是野生灵芝.健康风险初步评价结果表明,服用灵芝的人群,成人每人每日通过灵芝摄入As、Hg、Pb分别为0.18￣2.3μg、0.17￣2.3μg、0.07￣0.94μg,分别占每日允许摄入量(ADI)的0.14%￣1.9%、0.4%￣5.4%、0.03%￣0.4%,对人体健康风险不大.但是对于个别野生和人工种植灵芝而言,每日摄入总汞量可达0.47￣6.24μg,占ADI的1.1%￣15%,对人体健康存在一定的风险.     

树舌灵芝菌丝体不皂化物GC—MS分析

在树舌灵芝菌丝体化学成分研究中,采用乙醚抽提法获取树舌灵芝菌丝体脂溶性物质,经皂化后使用气相色谱一质谱联用技术（CC—MS）进行分析,共鉴定出19种物质,所得到的丁羟甲苯、乙酰菲、5,6-二氢麦角甾醇对树舌灵芝菌丝体化学成分研究具有较高价值。     

灵芝TR6号漆酶的分离纯化及性质研究

采用硫酸铵盐析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow柱层析和Sephadex G100凝胶柱层析对灵芝TR6号漆酶发酵液进行分离纯化,得到电泳纯漆酶.SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,该漆酶表观分子量为62×103.Native-PAGE鉴定该漆酶由一种同工酶组成,为单体酶.试验结果表明,该漆酶的最适反应温度为60℃,与ABTS的最适反应pH为4.5,Km为0.188 mmol/L,在pH 6.0～8.0之间较稳定.Fe2 、SDS和Tris对该漆酶活性具有抑制作用,EDTA和Tween80则对该漆酶活性具有促进作用.图8表2参10