基于HEC-RAS模型的汉江上游旬阳西段超长尺度古水文演化重建

通过对汉江上游河谷开展广泛细致的野外考察,在汉江上游旬阳西段全新世黄土-土壤剖面发现四层典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。对于系统采集的样品,进行粒度成分、磁化率分析,从沉积学角度证明了它们是典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。这些古洪水滞流沉积层夹在全新世风成黄土-土壤地层序列中,其每一层古洪水滞流沉积物记录了一期古洪水事件。根据OSL测年数据,并结合考古年代学和典型剖面地层对比,确定了这四期古洪水事件分别发生在8 500~8 400 a B.P.、4 200~4 000 a B.P.、3 200~2 800 a B.P.和1 800~1 700 a B.P.。利用古洪水SWD尖灭点高程法,恢复了这四期古洪水洪峰水位,介于233.0~239.2 m之间;进而基于HEC-RAS模型重建了四期古洪水洪峰流量,介于26 500~46 800 m3/s之间。将古洪水研究成果加入后,得到了远超过实测洪水和历史洪水重现期的稀遇洪水的水文信息,延长了汉江上游安康-旬阳段流域洪水的数据序列至万年尺度,使洪峰流量-频率曲线的稀遇洪水部分有了点据控制,百年和千年一遇的洪水洪峰流量的计算由外延变为内插,提高了设计洪水的精度。并且通过古洪水水文计算得到,该河段万年一遇洪水洪峰流量为46 900 m~3/s,千年一遇洪水洪峰流量为37 800 m3/s,百年一遇洪水洪峰流量为28 900 m~3/s。这对于汉江上游水利工程、防洪工程和城镇建设的洪水设计提供了十分重要基础数据。     

基于Matlab软件自动化求取参数的HEC-RAS模型构建

水质模型是水环境模拟的重要工具,近年来越来越多的应用于水环境预测与管理中,但平原河网水质模拟一直是个难点.本研究采用HEC-RAS模型开展湖州市长兴城区平原河网水动力和水质模拟.模型的水质模块率定采用Matlab软件自动化求取参数,代替常规试错法求参率定,减少了人工干预,提高了模型率定效率.HEC-RAS模型在平原河网地区水动力模拟结果较好,水质模拟结果基本符合要求,证明了HEC-RAS模型在平原河网应用的可行性,但模型的精度通常受水系概化、水文状况、污染源信息等因素影响,对于信息比较充分的短时段水质模拟其精度相对较好.     

An innovative modeling approach using Qual2K and HEC-RAS integration to assess the impact of tidal effect on River Water quality simulation

Water quality modeling has been shown to be a useful tool in strategic water quality management. The present study combines the Qual2K model with the HEC-RAS model to assess the water quality of a tidal river in northern Taiwan. The contaminant loadings of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) are utilized in the Qual2K simulation. The HEC-RAS model is used to: (i) estimate the hydraulic constants for atmospheric re-aeration constant calculation; and (ii) calculate the water level profile variation to account for concentration changes as a result of tidal effect. The results show that HEC-RAS-assisted Qual2K simulations taking tidal effect into consideration produce water quality indices that, in general, agree with the monitoring data of the river. Comparisons of simulations with different combinations of contaminant loadings demonstrate that BOD is the most import contaminant. Streeter-Phelps simulation (in combination with HEC-RAS) is also performed for comparison, and the results show excellent agreement with the observed data. This paper is the first report of the innovative use of a combination of the HEC-RAS model and the Qual2K model (or Streeter-Phelps equation) to simulate water quality in a tidal river. The combination is shown to provide an alternative for water quality simulation of a tidal river when available dynamic-monitoring data are insufficient to assess the tidal effect of the river.     

Assessing Potential Removal of Low-Head Dams in Urban Settings: An Example from the Ottawa River,NW Ohio

This is a study of the scientific component of an effort to restore an urban river by removing a low-head dam. The Secor Dam is owned by a local government entity near Toledo, Ohio. The proposed removal of the last structure impeding flow on the Ottawa River has broad appeal, but the owner is concerned about liability issues, particularly potential changes to the flood regime, the presence of contaminated sediments behind the dam, and possible downstream transport of reservoir sediments. Assessing sediment contamination involved sediment sampling and analysis of trace metals and organic contaminants. Forecasting sediment transport involved field methods to determine the volume and textural properties of reservoir and upstream sediment and calculations to determine the fate of reservoir sediments. Forecasting changes in the flood regime involved HEC-RAS hydrological models to determine before and after dam removal flood scenarios using LiDAR data imported into an ArcGIS database. The resulting assessment found potential sediment contamination to be minor, and modeling showed that the removal of the dam would have minimal impacts on sediment transport and flood hazards. Based on the assessment, the removal of the dam has been approved by its owners.