Experimental investigations on regeneration energy and energy management strategy in series hydraulic/electric synergy system

This research work draws an insight into the experimental investigations on a series hydraulic/electric synergy system—a green transportation system. An experimental test rig of the system with all necessary sensors and instrumentation has been developed to study the energy saving through hydraulic regenerative braking. The effect of various system parameters, such as braking time, maximum accumulator pressure, pre-charge pressure of hydro-pneumatic accumulator, volumetric displacement of the hydraulic master pump, and hydraulic regeneration pump on the quantum of regeneration energy, was analyzed. In addition, an AMESim model of the real-time experimental test rig has been developed and validated with experimental results. A set of five different experimental designs (parameter variations) of the system is defined with the available standard component sizes. The best design is selected of the available experimental designs based on the maximum hydraulic regeneration energy and regeneration efficiency. It was observed that the selected design has an energy efficiency of 13.3% and a regeneration efficiency of 43.8%. An accumulator-centric control strategy for energy management is developed and implemented on the experimental test rig configured with the selected design. The effectiveness of the control strategy is tested through experiments and simulation on the developed test rig.     

Screening Capsicum chinense fruits for heavy metals bioaccumulation

Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in edible plants could expose consumers to excessive levels of potentially hazardous chemicals. Sixty-three accessions (genotypes) of Capsicum chinense Jacq, collected from 8 countries of origin were grown in a silty-loam soil under field conditions. At maturity, fruits were collected and analyzed for seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mo) concentrations. The main objectives of this investigation were: 1) to determine the concentrations of seven heavy metals in the soil and monitor their accumulation in mature fruits, 2) to categorize the pepper accessions as low or high heavy metal accumulators, and 3) to determine if heavy metal content of the pepper fruit was lower than the permitted limits. Concentrations and relative proportions of heavy metals in pepper fruits of C. chinense varied among accessions. Fruits of Plant Introduction (PI) 355820 accumulated significant concentrations of Cd (0.47 μ g g^?1dry fruit). PI-260522 accumulated the highest concentration of Pb (2.12 μ g g^?1 dry fruit) among the 63 accessions tested. This accession (PI-260522) contained about twice the Pb limit on a fresh weight basis. Among the 63 accessions analyzed, PI-238051 contained the highest levels of Ni (17.2 μ g g^?1). We concluded that high accumulator genotypes may be useful for phytoremediation, while, low accumulator accessions might be appropriate selections for growing on Cd-, Pb-, or Ni-contaminated soils to prevent potential human exposure to heavy metals and health hazards through the food chain.     

Arsenic speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern, Pteris vittata

Arsenic (As) speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern was studied. In particular, the mechanism of how plants induce compounds containing thiol (SH) and proteins by As exposure in terms of the relationship between As and phosphate uptaken into plant cells was examined. Pteris vittata callus could efficiently reduce As(V) to As(III) by the rapid introduction of reductase and synthesize thiols leading to phytochelatins production. Furthermore, Pteris vittata could control phosphate concentration in the cells corresponding to the concentration of arsenite and arsenate. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to show the mechanisms of such high As tolerance of Pteris vittata using their callus in terms of in vitro approach for the analysis of As speciation and metabolism route.     

鼎湖山20公顷森林样地单个物种对群落的构建

大型固定监测森林样地已成为研究森林群落组织机制的一个重要平台。群落里个体之间的相互作用对群落的构建有相当重要的作用。以往的研究主要针对于物种之间的相互作用,而用群落里单个物种与其它所有个体之间相互关系来解释群落构建的研究还很少。采用单个物种-面积关系（ISAR）这一指标对鼎湖山20 hm2样地和BCI 50 hm2样地数据分析,来研究不同样地单个物种是如何对森林群落进行构建的。结果显示,与BCI样地和Sinharaja样地不同,鼎湖山样地大树对周围其它个体的作用几乎是中性的;而对于小树（胸径小于10 cm）来说,鼎湖山样地和BCI样地一样,随着尺度的增加＂吸引型＂物种减少,而＂中性＂物种增加。说明了不同的群落在不同的发育阶段,单个物种对群落结构的构建有重要的作用不同,将来的研究应该结合群落其它方面的因素来分析群落内个体之间相互作用,例如从时间尺度的谱系和空间因素去分析。     

蓄能器爆炸事故原因推断及防控措施

囊式蓄能器是液压系统中常用的压力容器。在更换胶囊和(或)充装氮气时如操作不当,有发生爆炸的风险。通过对一起蓄能器爆炸事故的调查,经计算、推论,得出此次爆炸是一起物理爆炸。并就事故发生原因及其爆炸强度、危害程度进行了分析。提出生产商和使用单位应制定科学的、可行的标准操作程序(Standard Operation Program,SOP),并要求工人在实际操做中严格执行,加强过程控制,避免事故的发生。     

Survey of mercury,cadmium and lead content of household batteries

The objective of this work was to provide updated information on the development of the potential impact of heavy metal containing batteries on municipal waste and battery recycling processes following transposition of the new EU Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC. A representative sample of 146 different types of commercially available dry and button cells as well as lithium-ion accumulators for mobile phones were analysed for their mercury (Hg)-, cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contents. The methods used for preparing the cells and analysing the heavy metals Hg, Cd, and Pb were either developed during a former study or newly developed. Several batteries contained higher mass fractions of mercury or cadmium than the EU limits. Only half of the batteries with mercury and/or lead fractions above the marking thresholds were labelled. Alkaline–manganese mono-cells and Li-ion accumulators, on average, contained the lowest heavy metal concentrations, while zinc–carbon batteries, on average, contained the highest levels.     

Arsenic speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern, Pteris vittata

Arsenic(As)speciation for the phytoremediation by the Chinese brake fern was studied.In particular,the mechanism of how plants induce compounds containing thiol(SH)and proteins by As exposure in terms of the relationship between As and phosphate uptaken into plant cells was examined.Pteris vittata callus could effciently reduce As(V)to As(III)by the rapid introduction of reductase and synthesize thiols leading to phytochelatins production.Furthermore,Pteris vittata could control phosphate concentration in t...     

Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on contaminated sites and their potential accumulation capacity in Heqing, Yunnan

Phytoremediation is one of the cost-effective and environmental friendly technologies used to remove contaminants from contaminated soils,which has been intensively studied during the last decade.Presently,few economical and effective remediation methods are available for the remediation of Pb contaminated sites.This study was conducted to assess the potential of 19 plants growing on contaminated sites in Pb mine area.Plants and associated soil samples were collected and analyzed for total metal concentrati...     

广东省某市城区废电池污染防治建议

文章以广东省某市城区为例,对其电池生产、销售、使用、回收和处置各环节进行了调查和研究,分析存在的主要问题和困难,较为精确的预测了废电池产生数量与人口数量及人均GDP水平之间的关系,将国外发达国家的经验技术与我国国情相结合,提出了政府、民间组织和生产商三方合作的废电池回收模式,并针对生产、处置等环节提出了相应的污染防治建议。     

土壤镍污染植物修复的研究概况

随着工业、农业活动的发展,重金属镍污染已引起国内外广泛关注。生物体内积累过量的镍会导致细胞结构和生理过程发生改变,从而阻滞生长发育,对动、植物造成不良影响。植物修复是近年来治理土壤重金属污染的重要手段之一,治理镍污染土壤的主要植物修复方法有植物吸收、植物提取、植物根系过滤和植物-微生物联合修复。而对镍超富集植物收获物的处理方法目前采用多种传统方法的复合工艺,除了克服传统方法的缺点,还能对镍加以回收,提高了资源利用化。