Paleosols of the Solonchanka IX site and climate of the Transural steppe zone in the fourth century AD

Studies on paleosols under an archaeological landmark of a rare type (a complex of kurgans with “whiskers”) dating from the Early Iron Age (the fourth century AD) have been performed in the steppe zone of the Transural Plateau. The size and shape of third-order soil polygons under stony ridges (“whiskers”) between the kurgans have been described in detail. The results have shown that the paleosol under the kurgans erected at the turn of the Late Sarmatian and Hun times (1600 years ago) is characterized by a higher humus content and deeper location of the carbonate horizon, compared to the recent soil. This indicates that an increase in atmospheric humidity took place in the fourth century AD.     

活性氧化铁/石英砂吸附剂去除水体中的重金属

介绍了活性氧化铁／石英砂吸附剂的特点和制备方法。该吸附能有效去除水体中的重金属，包括阳离子、阴离子、重金属颗粒物及一些络离子，且容易再生，被吸附的金属可以回收。     

煤飞灰中铬铁元素的形态分析研究

用连续提取法将煤飞灰中的铬、铁元素依结合态区分为水溶态,交换态,表面氧化物和碳酸结合态,铁锰氧化物结合态,金属有机物和硫化物结合态,磁性四氧化三铁结合态和硅铝酸盐矿物态,用原子吸收法及X-衍射分析进行测定。并对煤飞灰化学形态分布进行了讨论。     

锰砂表面改性去除酚类化合物的研究

本文叙述了锰砂表面改性(以下简称旧锰砂)处理含酚饮用水的实验研究,陈酚率可达99％。本实验对除酚因素(温度、pH值、流速和接触时间等)进行了实验研究。当进水酚浓度≤2.0mg/l时,经旧锰砂的吸附,可使酚浓度≤0.002mg/l。     

攀钢冶材公司职业病成因分析

通过对企业职业病档案等历史材料进行调查、整理和系统分析，找出造成职业危害的原因，以便有关部门和企业采取针对性措施，改善生产现场的作业环境，加强职业危害管理，从而促进各级管理干部对此项工作的重视和全体员工对职业危害的认识，最终实现控制和减少职业病的发生。     

What do economic simulations tell us? Recent mergers in the iron ore industry

This paper investigates the European Commission's decision to allow a merger between two Brazilian iron ore mining companies, CVRD and Caemi, using data on the Direct Reduced Iron pellet market. By using a simulation model, we can directly simulate the total welfare effects from the merger and hence evaluate the merger from a new perspective. The results from our simulations suggest that the welfare effects are negative from the merger between CVRD and Caemi, which supports the conclusion drawn by the European Commission decision. By performing different simulations between hypothetical merger candidates, our results show that only mergers between small candidates have the potential to be welfare enhancing.     

三峡工程移民卫生防病现状调查报告

本文报道了三峡工程四川库区移民安置区的自然疫源性疾病，虫媒传染病，介水传染病和地方病等的目前流行态势和环境卫生状况；预测了移民过程中地潜在危险，针对存在的问题，指出加强移民的卫生防病，对保护移民健康，保障移民工作顺利进行了是十分重要的。     

Assessing effects of non-native crayfish on mosquito survival

Introductions of non-native predators often reduce biodiversity and affect natural predator–prey relationships and may increase the abundance of potential disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) indirectly through competition or predation cascades. The Santa Monica Mountains (California, U.S.A.), situated in a global biodiversity hotspot, is an area of conservation concern due to climate change, urbanization, and the introduction of non-native species. We examined the effect of non-native crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) on an existing native predator, dragonfly nymphs (Aeshna sp.), and their mosquito larvae (Anopheles sp.) prey. We used laboratory experiments to compare the predation efficiency of both predators, separately and together, and field data on counts of dragonfly nymphs and mosquito larvae sampled from 13 local streams. We predicted a lower predation efficiency of crayfish compared with native dragonfly nymphs and a reduced predation efficiency of dragonfly nymphs in the presence of crayfish. Dragonfly nymphs were an order of magnitude more efficient predators than crayfish, and dragonfly nymph predation efficiency was reduced in the presence of crayfish. Field count data showed that populations of dragonfly nymphs and mosquito larvae were strongly correlated with crayfish presence in streams, such that sites with crayfish tended to have fewer dragonfly nymphs and more mosquito larvae. Under natural conditions, it is likely that crayfish reduce the abundance of dragonfly nymphs and their predation efficiency and thereby, directly and indirectly, lead to higher mosquito populations and a loss of ecosystem services related to disease vector control.     

Conservation implications of physiological carry‐over effects in bats recovering from white‐nose syndrome

Although it is well documented that infectious diseases can pose threats to biodiversity, the potential long‐term consequences of pathogen exposure on individual fitness and its effects on population viability have rarely been studied. We tested the hypothesis that pathogen exposure causes physiological carry‐over effects with a pathogen that is uniquely suited to this question because the infection period is specific and time limited. The fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans causes white‐nose syndrome (WNS) in hibernating bats, which either die due to the infection while hibernating or recover following emergence from hibernation. The fungus infects all exposed individuals in an overwintering site simultaneously, and bats that survive infection during hibernation clear the pathogen within a few weeks following emergence. We quantified chronic stress during the active season, when bats are not infected, by measuring cortisol in bat claws. Free‐ranging Myotis lucifugus who survived previous exposure to P. destructans had significantly higher levels of claw cortisol than naïve individuals. Thus, cryptic physiological carry‐over effects of pathogen exposure may persist in asymptomatic, recovered individuals. If these effects result in reduced survival or reproductive success, they could also affect population viability and even act as a third stream in the extinction vortex. For example, significant increases in chronic stress, such as those indicated here, are correlated with reduced reproductive success in a number of species. Future research should directly explore the link between pathogen exposure and the viability of apparently recovered populations to improve understanding of the true impacts of infectious diseases on threatened populations.