Prenatal diagnosis of femur-fibula-ulna complex by ultrasonography in a male fetus at 24 weeks of gestation

We present a case of ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis at 24 weeks of femur—fibula—ulna (FFU) complex. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an early prenatal diagnosis of FFU.     

Meckel-Gruber syndrome: Prenatal diagnosis at 10 menstrual weeks using embryoscopy

A case of Meckel—Gruber syndrome was diagnosed by embryoscopy at 10 menstrual weeks, allowing for early termination of pregnancy. Post-mortem examination confirmed the presence of polydactyly and bilateral cystic lesions of the mesonephros and metanephros. Both the forming nephrons and the collecting ducts were involved in the formation of renal cysts.     

基于震后低压变化的供水管网功能可靠度分析

供水管网的抗震功能是指供水管网在地震作用下能够满足震后城市特定用水需要(需水量和水压)的能力。地震发生后,供水管网一般处于低压供水状态,使得管网中部分用户的水压和水量不能得到全部满足,导致管网部分节点的实际配水量小于需水量。为此,在传统的管网水力分析基础上考虑节点流量随节点水压的动态变化,通过求解非线性水力方程组,得到管网节点实际流量和水压;同时,借鉴结构可靠度分析方法,引入供水管网系统随机水力模型,给出了震后供水管网功能可靠度分析的一次二阶矩方法。以一实际管网为例,演示了震后低压供水时管网功能可靠度分析的应用方法。     

The prenatal diagnosis of the Walker-Warburg Syndrome

On the basis of physical features and autopsy findings, a child with congenital hydrocephalus, bilateral microphthalmia, myopathy, severe developmental retardation and multiple brain malformations was diagnosed to have the Walker-Warburg Syndrome (WWS). During a subsequent pregnancy in this family, a fetus at risk for this autosomal recessive condition was evaluated with serial ultrasound examinations. At 15 weeks of gestation an encephalo-cele was noted. Disproportionately slow growth of the head compared to the body was noted at 36 weeks. At birth, the diagnosis of WWS was confirmed in the child due to the presence of microcephaly, an encephalocele, a meningocele and bilateral microphthalmia. This is the first reported case of the early prenatal diagnosis of this recently categorized genetic condition, in which the major features are hydrocephalus, multiple central nervous system malformations, microphthalmia with ocular malformations, severe psychomotor retardation, congenital myopathy and a very limited life expectancy.     

2000年环保战略目标定量考核方法研究

参加国家环保局科技3项费用课题《2000年环境保护战略目标定量考核指标研究》的8个地区对于2000年环保战略目标提出了不同的考核方法.本文在深入分析各种考核方法的基础上,通过归纳总结,向读者推荐几种基本方法,它们是 TOPS(?)S 方法、简单加性加权法和公式计分法.这些方法是一些基本的数学手段,通过对各具体考核指标的适当综合,归纳出表征总体目标实现程度的数值.即:这些方法是整体考核方法,从整体上说明存在问题和差距,为决策者提供实现环保战略目标的科学依据.     

Indicators of sustainability as a tool in agricultural development: partitioning scientific and participatory processes

SUMMARY

Sustainable indicators have become popular tools by which policymakers can assess progress towards a more sustainable agriculture. Varying approaches to defining sustainability lead to disagreement about the value of indicators and yet some form of measurement is required so that society can judge the effects of policy. Environmental and social problems and their causes span national boundaries. An international framework for assessing agricultural activities, their effects and the pressures that drive those activities is therefore required. However, a guiding principle of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development is that global problems require local action. Thus, indicators must provide information for policymakers as well as guidance for farmers and other practitioners. Many indicator programmes currently proposed do not provide this level of guidance as no evaluation as to what level of activity is sustainable has been agreed. A model is presented, to show how scientific and political or participatory approaches may be combined to meet the multiple objectives of involving people, maintaining scientific integrity and providing guidance for policymakers and practitioners alike.     

生活垃圾热解产物中含氧物质的分布规律

采用热重分析、固定床实验、红外分析(FT-IR)研究了生活垃圾热解行为及产物中含氧物质的分布规律。用热重分析确定了生活垃圾主要失重区间(190~450℃),并计算此温度区间热解活化能为42.76 k J/mol。在热解终温为450~650℃条件下进行生活垃圾固定床热解实验,结果表明:随热解终温的增加,固体产物中氧分布率逐渐减小(39.2%~29.3%);热解气中氧分布率逐渐增加(22.1%~30.9%);热解液中氧分布率在40%左右。生活垃圾热解气中含氧成分主要是CO和CO2,在温度为450~650℃时,CO含量明显高于CO2,而CO2的释放速率则大于CO;固体产物中含氧官能团主要有—OH和C—O,其中峰面积比例顺序为C—O>—OH;热解液中含氧官能团主要有—OH、C O和C—O,其峰面积的比例顺序为—OH>C—O>C O。     

基于韦伯-费希纳定律的空气质量普适韦伯指数公式

在适当设定各项空气污染物浓度"参照值"cj0的基础上,用相应于"参照值"cj0的污染物的"规范值"xj作为基于韦伯-费希纳(W-F)定律空气质量指数公式中的污染刺激量。由于各污染物同级标准的浓度"规范值"xjl差异不大,从而可以认为各污染物的韦伯指数公式等效于一个具有共同适用的韦伯常数α的W-F指数公式,并采用粒子群(PSO)算法优化得出α,得到对7项空气污染物皆适用的空气质量普适韦伯指数公式。该公式应用于多个实例分析,并与多种其它评价方法的评价结果比较表明,空气质量普适韦伯指数公式具有简单、实用和直观的特点。     

纸质褶裙式滤清器及其应用

高强芳粉尘滤纸构成的褶裙式滤清器用于工业防尘和空气净化装置。它与常规的静电除尘器、袋式除尘器相比,具有占地面积小、投资省、过滤流量大、使用面广、维护简便等优点,是一种新型的空气滤清设备。     

安全科学技术也是第一生产力(第三部分)

提出安全科学技术也是第一生产力的观点。简析科学、技术和科学技术的内涵及其相互关系;研究科学技术与生产力的关系;阐述安全科学技术也是第一生产力;探讨发展高科技与安全科学技术的关系;指出安全科学技术发展中应注意的问题。