Informational uncertainties of risk assessment about accidents of chemicals

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｒｉｓｋａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｉｓａｆｒｏｎｔｉｅｒｓｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｔｏｂｏｔｈｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｓａｆｅｔｙｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ .Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｍａｎｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｆｉｅｌｄｈａｖｅｄｏｎｅｉｔ.Ｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｓｍａｉｎｌｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｅａｋａｇｅ…     

长光路FTIR研究OH发生体系中的OH浓度

利用长光路ＦＴＩＲ测定早苯、三本等芳香烃化合物在烟雾箱中光化学反应衰减,确字了ＮＯｘ－Ｈ２Ｏ、Ａｉｒ、ＨＯＮＯ－Ｈ２Ｏ－Ａｉｒ和ＣＨ３ＯＮＯ－ＮＯ－Ａｉｒ３种体系在我灯自夸下的ＯＨ浓度,结果表明三者ＯＨ浓度范围分别为：～１０＾５～１０＾６、～１０＾７、～１０＾７～１０＾８ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓ．ｃｍ＾－３,并进一步讨论了反应前体物对生成ＯＨ浓度的影响。     

Spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollution estimated by different interpolation methods: accuracy and uncertainty analysis

Mapping the spatial distribution of contaminants in soils is the basis of pollution evaluation and risk control. Interpolation methods are extensively applied in the mapping processes to estimate the heavy metal concentrations at unsampled sites. The performances of interpolation methods (inverse distance weighting, local polynomial, ordinary kriging and radial basis functions) were assessed and compared using the root mean square error for cross validation. The results indicated that all interpolation methods provided a high prediction accuracy of the mean concentration of soil heavy metals. However, the classic method based on percentages of polluted samples, gave a pollution area 23.54-41.92% larger than that estimated by interpolation methods. The difference in contaminated area estimation among the four methods reached 6.14%. According to the interpolation results, the spatial uncertainty of polluted areas was mainly located in three types of region: (a) the local maxima concentration region surrounded by low concentration (clean) sites, (b) the local minima concentration region surrounded with highly polluted samples; and (c) the boundaries of the contaminated areas.     

异戊二烯与O3的大气化学反应研究

研究室温下石英玻璃反应器中异戊二烯与Ｏ３的暗反应,长光路ＦＴＩＲ法得到的实验结果表明,在本模拟反应条件下异戊二烯－Ｏ３反应体系中,主要产物甲基丙烯醛、甲基乙烯基酮和ＨＣＨＯ的产率分别为３７．４％、２０．２％和５５．１％,通过红外谱图的分析可确定反应中的其它产物为ＨＣＯＯＨ、ＣＯ和ＣＯ２等,对异戊二烯与Ｏ３的反应机理进行了探讨。     

Poverty and biodiversity in rural areas based on two investigations in Pujiang County,China

This study presents an integrated framework for the analysis of options of agricultural development and natural resource management at the ecosystem level. Pujiang County in Zhejiang Province, China, is used as a case-study area. The IMGLP model is applied to maximize regional agricultural economic surplus and labor market conditions in Pujiang. The consequences of four poverty reduction strategies (intensification of production, diversification toward livestock production, land expansion, and exit from agriculture) are determined for a set of regional poverty and biodiversity indicators. Diversification seems to be the most promising poverty reduction strategy, but requires an efficient use of animal manure in cropping systems to avoid environmental problems. Improved nutrient management in cropping systems is effective in reducing the regional nitrogen surplus, but less effective in increasing per capita income. The exit strategy is beneficial for reducing poverty and achieving biodiversity, but may have important social consequences that are not addressed in this study. Further reduction of rural poverty is hampered by labor constraints during the harvesting period for high-value crops such as vegetables and fruits. These constraints can be overcome by intensive research and development in the field of agricultural mechanization.