铁碳促进O3/H2O2体系深度处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

构建了铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系降解矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中有机物,并考察了体系O_3、铁碳及H_2O_2投加量、初始pH值和反应时间对铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系处理渗滤液尾水的影响.结果表明,在铁碳投加量为3 g·L~(-1),O_3投加量为9.798 mg·min~(-1),H_2O_2投加量为2 mL·L~(-1),初始pH值为3的条件下,反应10 min后,渗滤液尾水的COD和UV_(245)分别从711.96 mg·L~(-1)、0.19下降至295.04 mg·L~(-1)、0.10.类比实验结果表明,铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系对渗滤液尾水有机物具有较高的去除率,且可生化性得到提高(BOD/COD从0.04增加至0.40).紫外-可见和三维荧光光谱显示,废水中难降解有机物转化为小分子有机化合物且腐殖质的分子缩合度降低.最后,采用SEM-EDS、XRD和XPS技术对铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系的反应机理进行了解析,发现铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2反应的机理为铁碳微电解反应、铁氧化物-H_2O_2非均相芬顿反应、O_3/H_2O_2、铁碳-O_3非均相的高级氧化作用和铁基胶体对有机物的吸附沉淀作用.研究表明,铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系是一种能够有效去除矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物的方法.     

Prediction of Leachate Level in Kimpo Metropolitan Landfill Site by Total Water Balance

Kimpo metropolitan landfill has received various kinds of wastessince January 1992. The leachate level was measured to be 10.3 m in May 1995 and the level increased to 12.2 m in August 1996. Therefore, to prove the reason for the increasing leachate level, we calibrated hydraulic conductivity of each waste andintermediate layer using the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation ofLandfill Performance) model. The leachate generation data measured from February 1993 to October 1995 was used in the model calibration. As a result of a model calibration, we obtained anaverage infiltration ratio and used this in analysis of the total water balance to predict elevation of leachate level. Main causes of the elevation of the leachate level were the high water content of the waste and the degradation of the leachate-drainage system caused by the subsidence of a naturalbarrier layer.     

小型废电池填埋焚烧处置的健康风险分析

对废电池采取填埋、焚烧处置所引起的健康风险进行了分析，采用3种模型，分别研究了废电池随城市固体废物一起完全填埋处置，一起完全焚烧处置，一起部分填埋处置和部分焚烧处理时，可能引起的健康风险，由分析可知，镉镍电池焚烧过程将引起不可接受的致癌风险，填埋废电池也会引起重金属非致癌风险，提出在现阶段没有单独收集分类管理的条件下，对于小型废电池应采取填埋焚烧联合处置的办法，但应避免镉镍电池的焚烧，在建立了收集体系后，应该分类进行资源化和无害化管理。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

危险废物安全填埋场运行机制与收费标准

危险废物安全填埋场应探讨企业化经营模式。在单一处理模式、一体化经营模式和依托于大型企业模式中选择适宜的模式。填埋场建设资金筹集渠道中,由废物产生单位集资建设是可行办法。探讨了填埋场收费标准的计算方法,并给出计算公式。     

UV/TiO_2膜深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究了以固定相TiO2为催化剂光催化降解垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的可行性。试验了制备TiO2膜的适宜条件以及光照时间等各种因素对COD的去除率和UV335脱色率的影响。研究表明,COD为418mg/L的垃圾渗滤液经400W高压汞灯光照30min,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别为44.3%和75.0%。光照时间60min时,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率可提高至54%和90%。光照30min后与活性炭柱联用,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别提高到68.3%和84.6%。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

IntroductionBiologicalremovalofammonia ,i.e.nitrification denitrificationprocesses,isthemosteffectiveandeconomicmethodfortreatingwastewaterwithhighammonianitrogenconcentration ,suchaslandfillleachate .Buttheleachatefrommaturedlandfillischaracterizedwithlowbiodegradablecarbonconcentration .Sothesupplementaryexternalcarbonsourcehastobeaddedtofacilitatedenitrification .Consequently ,theoperationalcostincreases(Carley ,1991) .Thereisnotonlyabundantorganiccarbon ,butalsoagreatdealofanaerobicandfac…     

垃圾渗滤液的混疑处理实验研究

用聚合氯化铝(PAC)．聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)．复合混凝剂(90％PAC 10％PAM)及试剂A(一种壳聚糖)等4种混凝剂在不同pH及不同投加量的情况下．对垃圾渗滤液COD的去除效果进行了比较分析。实验结果表明。复合混凝剂及试剂A的处理效果明显优于PACPAM。在pH值5.5和8时。复合混凝剂投加量为400mg／L时。COD的去除率分别为38．63％和37．84％：试剂A在pH为8．投加量为100mg／L时。对COD的去除率达到39．85％。     

城市固体废物填埋场防护层天然材料研究

提出用石灰和粉煤灰对常用的粘土 +蒙脱土的衬里进行改性。对石灰配比为 0 %、0 4 %、1%、2 %、6 %、10 %的6种复合衬里、“三明治”结构的复合衬里 ,以及粉煤灰比例为 15 % ,2 5 % ,35 % ,5 0 %的 4种复合衬里 ,从渗透系数、衰减能力的角度进行了系列测试 ,得出了石灰配比为 10 %的复合土Ⅰ衬里和“三明治”结构复合土衬里性能良好、成本低、值得推广     

一个填埋场的气体排放控制系统的建立及其从中得到的几点启示

介绍位于纽约州北汉姆斯特城的ＰｏｒｔＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ城市固体废弃物填埋场填埋气体的排放、监测和处理系统及其有关测试数据和从中得到的启示．