Effect of lubricant sulfur on the morphology and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particles

This work investigates the effects of lubricant sulfur contents on the morphology, nanostructure, size distribution and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particle on a light-duty diesel engine. Three kinds of lubricant (LS-oil, MS-oil and HS-oil, all of which have different sulfur contents: 0.182%, 0.583% and 1.06%, respectively) were used in this study. The morphologies and nanostructures of exhaust particles were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size distributions of primary particles were determined through advanced image-processing software. Elemental compositions of exhaust particles were obtained through X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that as lubricant sulfur contents increase, the macroscopic structure of diesel exhaust particles turn from chain-like to a more complex agglomerate. The inner cores of the core-shell structure belonging to these primary particles change little; the shell thickness decreases, and the spacing of carbon layer gradually descends, and amorphous materials that attached onto outer carbon layer of primary particles increase. Size distributions of primary particles present a unimodal and normal distribution, and higher sulfur contents lead to larger size primary particles. The sulfur content in lubricants directly affects the chemical composition in the particles. The content of C (carbon) decreases as sulfur increases in the lubricants, while the contents of O (oxygen), S (sulfur) and trace elements (including S, Si (silicon), Fe (ferrum), P (phosphorus), Ca (calcium), Zn (zinc), Mg (magnesium), Cl (chlorine) and Ni (nickel)) all increase in particles.     

润滑油精制白土渣处理技术研究

介绍了一种回收白土渣中润滑油的新技术－溶剂抽提技术。通过对润滑油回收量的综合比较，确立了实验所用的抽提溶剂及处理工艺的操作条件。结果表明：用石脑油馏分（60℃－90℃）作抽提溶剂，最佳溶剂与白土渣投量比为1：1，抽提次数为2，温度为室温，搅拌时间为15min且回流液中润滑油质量百分比为5％情况下，润滑油回收率为92％左右，并且可形成稳定的循环模式。     

GH4169合金超塑性挤压工艺的研究

此文通过挤压比为9:1的GH4169合金超塑性挤压工艺的研究,对GH4169合金的精密成形方式做了一些探讨。在自制的玻璃基润滑剂HLB03的使用下,T=1000℃、平均挤压速度y=2mm/min、最大单位挤压力P_(max)=561.7MPa时,得到了满意的挤压效果。     

机械行业含油污水处理方法的探讨

以机械行业的常见含润滑剂冷却废油污水为例 ,介绍了该污水产生的特点 ;絮凝法处理该含油污水的工艺及其处理效果。     

Assessment of using unleaded fuel in the harsh environment of the United Arab Emirates

The service life of lubricating oil produced in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was examined using a car fueled with leaded or unleaded gasoline of the same grade in harsh local conditions. In addition, the economic impact of using leaded vs. unleaded gasoline via the effects on the useful life of engine oil was investigated. Every 500 km that the car was operated, the physical properties of the oil were examined to determine the optimum oil life before replacement. It was found that relative to unleaded gasoline, leaded gasoline resulted in a faster deterioration of lube oil properties and a reduced useful life of the oil. Many of the effects of use on the physical properties of oil became apparent from the beginning of its service, especially when leaded gasoline was used. Our findings indicate that the recommended useful life of oil when using leaded gasoline is 2500 km. With unleaded gasoline, deterioration of the physical properties of the lubricating oil became a concern after 3000 km. Thus with unleaded gasoline, it is recommended to have an oil change every 3500 km. These findings indicate that the decision of the UAE government to stop using lead compound additives to improve the octane number of gasoline will not only protect the environment from the harmful effects of lead compounds, but will also extend the useful life of oil. This extension will reduce the amount of used oil that is disposed of by up to 4678 tons/year. This reduction in oil use translates to a cost savings of about 23.4 million UAE Dirhams (=$6.37 million US Dollars) per year.     

不锈钢拉深用水基润滑剂研究

此文对国内不锈钢拉深用润滑剂应用现状进行了概括,提出了新型水基拉深润滑剂的配制工艺和润滑机理,并将其成功应用于实际生产。