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This short paper presents an investigation on how human activities may or may not affect precipitation based on numerical simulations of precipitation in a benchmark case with modified lower boundary conditions, representing different stages of urban development in the model. The results indicate that certain degrees of urbanization affect the likelihood of heavy precipitation significantly, while less urbanized or smaller cities are much less prone to these effects. Such a result can be explained based on our previous work where the sensitivity of precipitation statistics to surface anthropogenic heat sources lies in the generation of buoyancy and turbulence in the planetary boundary layer and dissipation through triggering of convection. Thus only mega cities of sufficient size, and hence human-activity-related anthropogenic heat emission, can expect to experience such effects. In other words, as cities grow, their effects upon precipitation appear to grow as well. 相似文献
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采用微球硅胶键合C_(18)固相萃取柱萃取水样中的3-甲基吲哚,并用气质联用法测定,方法在0 mg/L~10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.2μg/L。空白水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为89%~94%,7次测定结果的RSD为2.3%~6.9%。用该方法测定7个实际地表水样品,其中4个地表水样品检出3-甲基吲哚,地表水样的加标回收率为81.5%~97.0%。 相似文献
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Silicon is a representative operational material for semiconductor and micro-electronics. In certain MEMS applications, it is required to fabricate three dimensional channels and complex pattern on silicon substrate. Such features are typically fabricated by photolithography and chemical etching. These processes have low productivity and have certain other limitations. Therefore, a viable switch-over from non-traditional fabrication processes to traditional machining is highly desired for improved productivity in high-mix low-volume production. However, machining of silicon by traditional process is extremely difficult due to its high brittleness. Even very small forces produced during machining can cause brittle fracture on silicon surface resulting in deteriorated surface quality. The fundamental principle in machining of a brittle material such as silicon is to achieve material removal through plastic deformation rather than crack propagation. This paper presents the experimental results of ductile-mode machining of silicon by micro ball end-milling. The workpiece surface was inclined to the rotational axes of the cutter to improve the surface finish. It was established experimentally that 15-μm deep, fracture-free slots can be machined on silicon wafer by micro ball end-milling if the feed rate is below a certain threshold. The influence of several machining parameters on the roughness of machined-surface was also investigated. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is presented as much economical alternative tool-material to single-crystal diamond for machining silicon in ductile-mode. 相似文献
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微生物法烟气脱硫技术研究 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
采用微生物(氧化亚铁硫杆菌,简称TF菌)法脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。在相同操作条件下,比较了传统的工业化 方法稀硫酸吸收法(千代田法)与本法的优劣,研究了液气化、二氧化硫浓度、三价铁离子浓度等因素对吸收效率的影响;分析了脱硫反应前后吸收率pH值、三价铁离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明:适宜的液气比(12.5L/Nm^3 以上)、二氧化硫浓度(1000-5000ppm)和三价铁离子浓度(0.6g/L以上)能使该法具有较高(>98%)的脱硫率。在常温常压操作条件下,微生物法的脱硫率远优于千代田法,具有一定的工业化价值。 相似文献
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