倭肯河着生硅藻群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了合理的评价倭肯河水生态健康状况,2018年8月（丰水期）,调查了19个点位的着生藻类群落结构和水环境特征.使用Mcnaughton优势度分析、聚类分析和生态型分析3种方法研究了倭肯河着生藻类群落结构和清洁度,使用Spearman相关分析、除趋势对应分析和典范对应分析等方法研究了倭肯河着生硅藻群落和环境因子的响应关系.结果表明：倭肯河共鉴定出着生硅藻89种,物种丰富,不同采样点位之间生物多样性差异较大,Nitzschia palea等富营养指示种是倭肯河的优势种.聚类分析结果表明,倭肯河采样点位可分为3组,从组1到组3,优势种清洁度逐渐下降,低度需氧型、中腐-高度腐生型和极度富营养型硅藻比例逐渐上升.影响倭肯河着生硅藻群落结构的主要水环境因子为TN、DO和pH,其中DO和TN是组3着生硅藻群落的主要影响因子,pH是组2着生硅藻群落的主要影响因子.由此可见,除河流源头区域外,倭肯河水生态环境质量状况较差,着生硅藻群落可以有效的指示倭肯河水体营养状况和腐生状况.     

菱形藻在污水中的生长及其净化能力

研究了菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)在不同浓度污水中的生长及其对不同形态氮磷的去除情况。结果表明:(1)菱形藻在不同浓度污水中均可以生长,但比生长速率存在显著差异,其中在50%、80%污水环境与基础培养(f/2)环境中生长较快,比生长速率为5.9～8.5,不存在差异;(2)不同浓度污水培养菱形藻后N、P养分均有一定的去除,总磷(TP)和NO3-N利用率均在60%以上,NO2-N、总氮(TN)、NH4-N的利用率分别在40%、70%、90%以上,表明菱形藻有较强的净化水源的能力;(3)污水培养后菱形藻的营养成分含量均高于纯海水培养的,其中80%污水环境下藻细胞叶绿素、胞外多糖(EPS)、胞内多糖(IPS)、蛋白质和总脂肪含量最高,分别占干重的3.5%、2%、4%、1.5%和14.5%。     

Effect of nitrogen/phosphorus concentration on algal organic matter generation of the diatom Nitzschia palea: Total indicators and spectroscopic characterization

Critical algal blooms in great lakes increase the level of algal organic matters(AOMs),significantly altering the composition of natural organic matters(NOMs) in freshwater of lake.This study examined the AOM's characteristics of Nitzschia palea(N.palea),one kind of the predominant diatom and an important biomarker of water quality in the great lakes of China,to investigate the effect of AOMs on the variation of NOMs in lakes and the process of algal energy.Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence(EEM) spectroscopy,synchronous fluorescence(SF) spectroscopy and deconvolution UV–vis(D-UV) spectroscopy were utilized to characterize AOMs to study the effects of nutrient loading on the composition change of AOMs.From results,it was revealed that the phosphorus is the limiting factor for N.palea's growth and the generation of both total organic carbon and amino acids but the nitrogen is more important for the generation of carbohydrates and proteins.EEM spectra revealed differences in the composition of extracellular organic matter and intracellular organic matter.Regardless of the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products were the main components,but the nitrogen concentration had a significant impact on their composition.The SF spectra were used to study the AOMs for the first time and identified that the protein-like substances were the major component of AOMs,creating as a result of aromatic group condensation.The D-UV spectra showed carboxylic acid and esters were the main functional groups in the EOMs,with –OCH_3,–SO_2NH_2,–CN,–NH_2,–O– and –COCH_3functional groups substituting into benzene rings.     

聚乙烯微塑料对海洋微藻生长和卤代烃释放的影响

挥发性卤代烃（VHCs）是一类重要的痕量温室气体和臭氧破坏物质,在全球气候变化中发挥重要作用.微藻释放VHCs受海洋环境因素的影响.微塑料作为海洋中一种重要新型污染物其对海洋微藻释放VHCs的影响研究比较少见.基于小新月菱形藻（Nitzschia closterium f.minutissima）和东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）的室内单种培养实验,通过测定其藻细胞密度、最大光量子效率（F_v/F_m）、活性氧（ROS）和VHCs浓度,研究聚乙烯（PE）微塑料长期暴露对小新月菱形藻和东海原甲藻生长和VHCs释放的影响.结果表明,PE微塑料胁迫对小新月菱形藻生长主要表现抑制作用,而对东海原甲藻生长表现出促进作用.50 μm的PE微塑料的添加对小新月菱形藻和东海原甲藻的光合作用起到遮蔽作用,导致二者的F_v/F_m受到抑制,且其对东海原甲藻的抑制作用更显著.与对照组相比,PE微塑料胁迫刺激藻细胞的ROS产生量增加,引起小新月菱形藻和东海原甲藻的氧化应激反应,从而促进两种微藻3种溴代烃的释放.     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes on the freshwater diatom Nitzschia frustulum: evaluation of growth,cellular components and morphology

Great attention should be paid to the possible impacts of various nanoparticles on aquatic organism. Freshwater diatoms are essential components of phytoplankton and play a critical role in bioassessment of nanoparticle exposure in the environment. In this study, cell growth was inhibited by TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs, the 24?h EC₅₀ values of TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs to Nitzschia frustulum were 20.75 and 24.64?mg?L^?1, respectively. Significant decreases of Chl a content after TiO₂-NPs exposures were detected and the Chl a content of N. frustulum was obviously increased by MWCNTs treatment at lower concentration. The ROS was detected in N. frustulum after TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs exposures. The MDA content was significantly induced by TiO₂-NPs at lower concentrations of 24 and 48?h exposure; meanwhile, it increased at all tested concentrations at 24?h MWCNTs exposure. The SOD enzyme was induced by 72 and 96?h TiO₂-NPs exposure, and increased by MWCNTs treatment at 96?h in N. frustulum. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that N. frustulum had obvious cell deformation after TiO₂-NPs treatment. The result showed that the physiological and biochemical response mechanisms after NPs exposure of diatom were species-specific, and in relation to the exposure concentration and time.     

6种苯系物对球等鞭金藻和新月菱形藻的生长抑制

海洋环境中苯系物污染主要来源于海洋溢油事故以及沿海石油化工企业的废水排放。为探究苯系物对海洋微藻的毒性作用,选择球等鞭金藻和新月菱形藻作为受试生物,分别考察了苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯和对-二甲苯6种苯系物对2种海洋微藻生长的影响。结果表明,在0.25~64.0 mg·L-1暴露浓度下,6种苯系物对2种微藻生长具有显著的抑制作用,随着暴露浓度的升高,抑制作用明显增强。苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯、对-二甲苯对球等鞭金藻的24 h的半数效应浓度(24 h-EC50)分别为:17.07、12.88、7.58、0.55、0.36、0.27 mg·L-1;对新月菱形藻的24 h-EC50值分别为:1.03、0.68、0.46、0.40、0.42、0.38 mg·L-1。上述研究结果为确定苯系物海洋环境质量标准、保护海洋生态环境提供了基础数据。     

不同粒径和不同浓度清洁疏浚物对2种海洋微藻生长的影响

采用室内模拟试验研究了不同粒径和不同浓度悬浮清洁疏浚物对2种常见海洋微藻小球藻（Chlorella sp.）和新月菱形藻（Nitzschia closterium）生长的影响.结果表明,在8d的试验周期里,与对照组相比,不同浓度清洁疏浚物对2种海洋微藻生长的影响均达极显著水平（P＜0.01）.在相同粒径范围内,悬浮清洁疏浚物质量浓度为1～7g·L-1时,其对微藻生长的抑制作用随浓度升高而增加.随悬浮清洁疏浚物粒径的减小,2种海洋微藻的细胞密度呈下降趋势,＞88～ 125 μm粒径范围内生长的藻细胞受影响最小,0～16 μm粒径范围内生长的藻细胞受影响最大.悬浮清洁疏浚物对2种海洋微藻比生长速率的抑制作用明显,延缓了最大比生长速率出现的时间.2种海洋微藻对悬浮清洁疏浚物的敏感性存在差异,小球藻对悬浮清洁疏浚物的反应更加迅速.     

赤潮异湾藻与三角褐指藻的竞争及其化感作用初探

文章通过对赤潮异湾藻和三角褐指藻间竞争及其化感作用的论述,定性分析了两种微藻单独培养和共培养的最大环境容量(K)和生长速率(r)等生长参数,同时利用逻辑斯谛方程和Lotka-Volterra的竞争模型进一步定量比较了微藻间的竞争力参数(α和β),并采用对比微藻在f/2培养基中和其他微藻滤液中生长情况的方法,初步探讨了赤潮异湾藻和三角褐指藻间竞争产生的原因。结果表明,赤潮异湾藻对三角褐指藻有强烈抑制作用(α=6.38),而三角褐指藻对赤潮异湾藻抑制非常轻微(β=0.23),赤潮异湾藻的竞争能力大大强于三角褐指藻,推测这种竞争作用与这两种微藻间存在的化感作用相关外,还可能与其他因素如接触性信息传递等相关。此研究对调控藻类生物的生长和数量变化、鱼虾蟹等水产养殖水体中藻害的防治以及海洋生态环境的改善都具有相当的理论意义。     

Photo-induced transformations of Hg(Ⅱ) species in the presence of Nitzschia hantzschiana,ferric ion,and humic acid

Effects of algae Nitzschia hantzschiana, Fe(Ⅲ) ions, humic acid, and pH on the photochemical reduction of Hg(Ⅱ) using the irradiation of metal halide lamps (λ 365 nm, 250 W) were investigated. The photoreduction rate of Hg(Ⅱ) was found to increase with increasing concentrations of algae, Fe(Ⅲ) ions, and humic acid. Alteration of pH value affected the photoreduction of Hg(Ⅱ) in aqueous solution with or without algae. The photoreduction rate of Hg(II) decreased with increasing initial Hg(Ⅱ) concentration in aqueous solution in the presence of algae. The photochemical kinetics of initial Hg(Ⅱ) and algae concentrations on the photoreduction of Hg(Ⅱ) were studied at pH 7.0. The study on the total Hg mass balance in terms of photochemical process revealed that more than 42% of Hg(Ⅱ) from the algal suspension was reduced to volatile metallic Hg under the conditions investigated.