连续曝气下河水水质及睡莲生理响应的季节变化

采取现场实验方法,在春、夏、秋三季测定了6个睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona L.)植物净化槽(曝气、非曝气)中睡莲的叶绿素(Chl)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量与过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,氮磷积累、生物量、根长、茎高、叶长、分蘖数、根密度等生物学指标及对应的水质常规理化指标,探讨了连续曝气下睡莲的生理响应及河水水质的季节变化。结果表明,连续曝气明显影响了睡莲的生理特性,导致净化槽中水质发生相应变化,且影响程度与睡莲生长状况的季节变化相关。曝气槽中睡莲植物的根长、茎高、叶长较短,叶片Chl-a、Chl-b、SP含量下降,而根组织POD、CAT活性升高,氮磷积累、生物量下降,分蘖数、根密度下降;春、夏季曝气对睡莲的影响相对较小,曝气槽中TN、NH4+-N浓度低于非曝气槽,而TP、溶解性P浓度明显升高;秋季曝气对睡莲的影响较严重,曝气槽中TN、NH4+-N、TP、溶解性P浓度均高于非曝气槽。研究结论为在污染河道生态修复工程实践中,针对水生植物生长状况的季节变化而进行曝气方式调节提供理论依据。     

Contrasting cesium dynamics in neighboring deep and shallow warm-water reservoirs

To measure the long term retention and seasonal dynamics of an initial 4 kg addition of ¹³³Cs into an 11.4-ha, 157,000 m³ reservoir (Pond 4, near Aiken, South Carolina, USA), the concentrations and inventories of ¹³³Cs in the water column were measured at periodical intervals for 522 days following the 1 August, 1999 release. After rapid declines in concentrations and inventories during the first 90 days, the ¹³³Cs concentrations in the water column declined at an average proportional rate of 0.004 d⁻¹. However, there were periods of less rapid and more rapid rates of declines, and these were correlated with periods of increasing and decreasing K concentrations in the water column. The decline rates were less and the K concentrations greater in the winter than in the summer. In the deeper, neighboring monomictic reservoirs of Par Pond and Pond B, a yearly cycle of increasing and decreasing ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in the water column is driven by anoxic remobilization of Cs from the sediments into a persistent summer hypolimnion. In Pond 4, whose mean depth of 1.6 m is too shallow to support a persistent anoxic hypolimnion, the pattern of yearly dynamics for K and Cs appear to be related to the accumulation and release of these elements from the extensive, seasonal macrophyte communities. The contrasting results between Pond 4 and Pond B suggest that a full appreciation of the relative importance of 1) anoxic remobilization and 2) accumulation and release by macrophytes in these systems remains to be established.     

睡莲、梭鱼草对铜污染水体的修复效果研究

对水生植物睡莲(Nymphaea spontanea)、梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)在5、15和25mg/L铜(Cu)质量浓度下的水体修复效果及生物富集作用进行了试验研究。结果表明,在实验条件下,30d后睡莲和梭鱼草对Cu全量的去除率分别为89%和58%。2种植物都能够用于修复Cu污染水体,且睡莲的修复效果和根部的Cu富集能力显著高于梭鱼草。初始浓度、修复时间及其交互作用对水体中Cu的去除具有极显著差异。植物鲜重增长率、修复效果、生物富集系数均随修复时间的延长和初始浓度的减小而增加。Cu溶解态及其全量具有较为一致的修复规律,去除率与修复时间呈高度相关的线性关系。今后应进一步探讨植物种植密度、修复时间和初始浓度对净化效果的综合影响。     

荷花和睡莲种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用研究

在实验室条件下,通过测定培养液中铜绿微囊藻的藻细胞浓度和叶绿素a含量,研究了具有较高观赏价值的水生植物荷花和睡莲种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效应.结果表明,不同浓度的荷花和睡莲种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用不尽相同,表现为明显的低促高抑现象;而连续滴加荷花和睡莲种植水对铜绿微囊藻的生长也有较明显的抑制作用,使藻细胞基本失去了进行正常光合作用的能力,其中睡莲种植水的抑制效果比荷花的更明显;另外,扩大实验中通过测定铜绿微囊藻的SOD活性、MDA积累量表明,藻细胞在共培养过程中受到了胁迫和伤害.灭菌方法对种植水的抑藻试验也有影响,不能采用高温灭菌来代替微膜过滤,说明荷花和睡莲分泌物中含有热不稳定性的物质.     

芦竹和睡莲对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制效应

在实验室条件下,以南太湖水华蓝藻铜绿微囊藻为材料,研究了挺水植物芦竹和水生浮叶植物睡莲的组织和提取液对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效应。结果表明,芦竹叶、芦竹杆、等质量的芦竹叶和杆以及睡莲叶、睡莲茎、等质量的睡莲叶和茎及其提取液对铜绿微囊藻均有不同程度的抑制作用。05％芦竹组织提取液的抑藻效果优于0.01％、0.05％和0.1...