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排序方式: 共有802条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Liuwei Kong Min Hu Qinwen Tan Miao Feng Yu Qu Junling An Yuanhang Zhang Xingang Liu Nianliang Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):49-59
To clarify the aerosol hygroscopic growth and optical properties of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,integrated observations were conducted in Heshan City of Guangdong Province from October 19 to November 17,2014.The concentrations and chemical compositions of PM_(2.5),aerosol optical properties and meteorological parameters were measured.The mean value of PM_(2.5) increased from less than 35(excellent) to 35-75 μg/m~3(good) and then to greater than 75 μg/m~3(pollution),corresponding to mean PM_(2.5) values of 24.9,51.2,and 93.3 μg/m~3,respectively.The aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factor(f(RH = 80%)) values were 2.0,2.12,and 2.18 for the excellent,good,and pollution levels,respectively.The atmospheric extinction coefficient(σext)and the absorption coefficient of aerosols(σ_(ap)) increased,and the single scattering albedo(SSA)decreased from the excellent to the pollution levels.For different air mass sources,under excellent and good levels,the land air mass from northern Heshan had lower f(RH) and σ_(sp) values.In addition,the mixed aerosol from the sea and coastal cities had lower f(RH) and showed that the local sources of coastal cities have higher scattering characteristics in pollution periods. 相似文献
2.
Electrotrophs are microbes that can receive electrons directly from cathode in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). They not only participate in organic biosynthesis, but also be crucial in cathode-based bioremediation. However, little is known about the electrotrophic community in paddy soils. Here, the putative electrotrophs were enriched by cathodes of MECs constructed from five paddy soils with various properties using bicarbonate as an electron acceptor, and identified by 16S rRNA-gene based Illumina sequencing. The electrons were gradually consumed on the cathodes, and 25%–45% of which were recovered to reduce bicarbonate to acetic acid during MEC operation. Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum on the cathodes, and Bacillus genus within this phylum was greatly enriched and was the most abundant population among the detected putative electrotrophs for almost all soils. Furthermore, several other members of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria may also participate in electrotrophic process in different soils. Soil pH, amorphous iron and electrical conductivity significantly influenced the putative electrotrophic bacterial community, which explained about 33.5% of the community structural variation. This study provides a basis for understanding the microbial diversity of putative electrotrophs in paddy soils, and highlights the importance of soil properties in shaping the community of putative electrotrophs. 相似文献
3.
为描述草海湿地DOM(dissolved organic matter,溶解性有机物)荧光特征,探究其对PFASs(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,全氟及多氟化合物)环境行为造成的影响,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术和三维荧光光谱技术,结合平行因子分析,开展DOM光谱学特性研究,分析ρ(DOM)与ρ(PFASs)的相关关系.结果表明:①草海湿地中共解析出3类4种荧光组分,分别为类腐殖酸[λEx(360 nm)/λEm(450 nm)]、长波段腐殖质[λEx(400 nm)/λEm(510 nm)]、类富里酸[λEx(330 nm)/λEm(400 nm)]和类色氨酸[λEx(280 nm)/λEm(350 nm)],贡献率分别为48.6%、23.6%、22.9%和4.9%,其中类腐殖质总贡献率高达72.2%.在农业生产和人类活动的影响下,总荧光强度大致呈现从入湖区向出湖区逐渐降低、湖心区略高的趋势.②在草海湿地表层水中共检出了12种PFASs,ρ(PFASs)为233.18 ng/L,每种平均值为19.43 ng/L,PFBA(perfluorobutanoic acid,全氟丁酸)是主要污染物;草海湿地入湖区点源影响特征明显,生活污水和农业生产用水是主要的潜在污染源.③相关性分析结果显示,各荧光组分含量均与ρ(PFBS)(potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate,全氟丁烷磺酸)负相关;类色氨酸含量与ρ(PFHpA)(perfluororoheptanoic acid,全氟庚酸)负相关,与ρ(PFTriDA)(perfluorotrideanoic acid,全氟十三酸)则显著正相关.研究显示,草海湿地水体腐殖化程度高,外源特征明显,共检出12种PFASs,初步揭示了草海湿地水环境中ρ(DOM)与ρ(PFASs)的相关关系,其受水体性质及化合物结构等差异的影响,有待进一步开展深入研究. 相似文献
4.
新型聚乙烯包装材料的可环境消纳性能研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
借助人工加速老化实验箱、户外暴晒架、自然土壤填埋坑等实验方法,采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜、热-红联用仪和乌氏粘度计等测试方法对所研制的新型聚乙烯(PE)塑料包装材料的可环境消纳性能进行探讨。实验结果表明,该材料自然暴露35d,羰基指数(CI)为45,光照10d后自然土壤掩埋,一年后CI为70,粘均分子质量Mη降到3678;生物降解性能达到3级;进行焚烧处理,尤其是在受光照后进行焚烧,可完全燃烧,不产生有害气体或粉尘。 相似文献
5.
论我国自然资源产权制度的改革 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
我国自然资源产权制度长期以来界定不清晰和不合理,造成自然资源配置的效率损失很大,本文根据许多实例和交易成本理论来说明50年代中期以来我国自然资源的一些主要产权制度的利弊,并提出未来改革的一些设想。 相似文献
6.
Bernard Barraqué 《Natural resources forum》2003,27(3):200-211
The article contributes to a discussion on two global issues on water: water resources management, and water supply and sanitation. Focusing on Europe, it traces the legal roots of current systems in history: as a resource, water is considered as a common property, rather than a market good; while as a public service it is usually a commodity. Public water supply and sanitation technologies and engineering have developed under three main paradigms: quantitative and civil engineering; qualitative and chemical/sanitary engineering (both on the supply side); and the most recent one, environmental engineering and integrated management (on the demand side). The cost of public drinking water is due to rise sharply in view of the two‐fold financial challenge of replacing an ageing infrastructure and keeping up with ever‐rising environmental and sanitary quality standards. Who will pay? Government subsidies, or water users? The author suggests that apparent successes with privatisation may have relied heavily on hidden government subsidies and/or the healthy state of previously installed water infrastructure: past government subsidies are still felt for as long as the lifetime of the infrastructure. The article stresses the importance of public participation and decentralized local management of water and sanitation services. Informing and involving users in water management decisions is seen as an integral part of the ‘ethics’ side of the crucial three E's (economics, environment, ethics). The article strongly argues for municipal provision of water services, and hopes that lessons learnt and solutions found in the European experience may serve water services management efforts in other regions of the world. 相似文献
7.
林地产权政策是决定资源配置效率的基础条件。对临安示范林地区研究基点河桥乡的林地产权政策、林地流转的基本情况及农户对林地产权的意愿进行了介绍,找出了现行政策存在的问题,并提出了一套科学合理的适合当地水平的林地产权政策方案。 相似文献
8.
徐安 《中国安全科学学报》1996,6(3):35-39
对汽车防抱制动系统中制动力矩Tb与车轮滑移率S的收敛特性和收敛区域进行探讨,指出该收敛区域恰与制动稳定区重合,从而可使车辆的制动性能得到极大的改善。同时,还进行了防抱制动系统对道路交通事故影响的分析与研究。 相似文献
9.
Most writers on resource management presume that local populations, if they act in their self-interest, seldom conserve or protect natural resources without external intervention or privatization. Using the example of forest management by villagers in the Indian Himalayas, this paper argues that rural populations can often use resources sustainably and successfully, even under assumptions of self-interested rationality. Under a set of specified social and environmental conditions, conditions that prevail in large areas of the Himalayas and may also exist in other mountain regions, community institutions are more efficient in managing resources than either private individuals or the central government. In advancing this argument, the paper undermines the often dogmatic belief in the universal superiority of private forms of ownership and management. 相似文献
10.
杨丽娟 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2004,14(3):124-126
随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展,企业将面临着一个日益完善的市场经济体系,这就要求企业的行为要更加规范。于是能够评价、分析企业盈利能力、生存能力、发展能力等各项指标的财务分析体系,就显得尤为重要了。本文主要从现行条件下财务分析体系入手,从财务分析体系的内容和发展前景两个方面,阐述了对财务分析体系发展的几点初步认识。 相似文献