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1.
Rodríguez-Maroto JM García-Delgado RA Gómez-Lahoz C Vereda-Alonso C García-Herruzo F Muñoz MP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,89(2):165-177
Lead and cadmium contamination of an agricultural soil has been studied using batch and column experiments. Thermodynamics of theretention phenomena may be represented by a Langmuir isotherm foran aqueous metal concentration up to 100 mg L-1. First order kinetics with respect to the solid phase yield good predictabilityfor both batch and column experiments. Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead retention predominate over those ofcadmium. As a consequence, lead is preferentially retainedand can even displace sorbed cadmium. In the event of anspill involving both metals, cadmium would move further inthe soil and its aqueous concentration downstream could beeven higher than that of the influent solution, increasingpotential risks. A two-region model has been used to fit all the experimental results. Satisfactory predictions for column experiments are obtained with parameters which are consistent with those obtained for the batch experiments, for which sorption is described by a Langmuir isotherm including competitive retention. 相似文献
2.
Sulphate leaching losses may reduce the long-term possibility of maintaining the S supply of crops in low input farming systems. The ability of catch crops (Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.)) to reduce soil sulphate concentrations in autumn and make it available to a succeeding crop was investigated in 1996–1998 on sandy loam soil in Denmark. All catch crops reduced soil sulphate concentrations in the autumn compared to bare soil. Especially, the cruciferous catch crops had the ability to deplete efficiently soil sulphate levels and thus, reduce the sulphate leaching potential. The S uptake in aboveground catch crop was 8, 22 and 36 kg S per ha for ryegrass, winter rape and fodder radish, respectively. In the following spring, sulphate levels of the autumn bare soil were low in the top 0.5 m and a peak of sulphate was found at 0.75–1 m depth. In contrast, where a fodder radish catch crop had been grown, high sulphate levels were present in the top 0.5 m, but only small amounts of sulphate were found at 0.5–1.5 m depth. In spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), that followed catch crops, S concentrations at heading and maturity revealed that the availability of soil S increased following winter rape and fodder radish, whereas there were indications that following ryegrass, the S availability was reduced compared to bare soil. This initial study showed that catch crops have a high potential for reducing sulphate leaching and may be used to synchronise S availability with plant demand in a crop rotation. 相似文献
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对珠江河口及近海水域样品中Cu的总含量以及颗粒态、游离态Cu含量进行分析,结果发现,Cu的总浓度有随河口向外海递增的趋势,并非完全体现陆源性规律。说明研究水域中Cu不仅可能具有其他来源,同时在很大程度上受到沿岸上升流的影响。但是游离态Cu的分布却表现相反的规律,无论是游离态Cu的浓度还是游离态Cu在总Cu中所占的份额都自河口向外海随盐度的增加而降低。说明Cu的形态分布在更大程度上取决于水体的理化性质。本研究还逶过对不同盐度水样的杜氏藻培养后Cu吸收量的测定,即逶过Cu对藻类的生物有效性验证了Cu形态的分布规律。 相似文献
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讨论了铜在淡水藻(Scenedesmus subspicatus86.81SAG)细胞壁和细胞内分布规律,以及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和水体腐殖酸(FA)存在下对铜分布的影响,研究结果表明,EDTA和FA的存在显著降低了细胞表面铜的吸附量,但是不影响细胞内铜的浓度,对测定数据进行分析。可以认为溶液相铜与EDTA或FA形成的铜络合物是生物无效形态,不参与铜在藻细胞壁上特定位点或生物配体的竞争结合反应。 相似文献
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应用Al-Ferron法于悬浮体系中聚合铝的形态分布表征,对其中的主要影响因素进行探讨,就不同碱化度聚合铝的形态分析进行实例研究.结果表明,混合方式对Al-Feron法的应用具有一定的影响作用.比色管混合测得Ala为21.54%,低于磁力搅拌方式结果(24.52%,25.22%,25.06%).应用磁力搅拌方式可以获取较好的重复性与更多初期反应信息.颗粒物的存在对反应的影响主要取决于其浓度与粒度分布,成一定线性关系,可以从中加以扣除.在本实验范围内因其溶解所产生的影响可以忽略不计.对多个碱化度聚合铝的实例研究表明,Al-Feron法完全适用于颗粒物悬浮体系中的形态分布表征 相似文献
9.
G.L. Feng J. Letey A.C. Chang M. Campbell Mathews 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2005,110(3-4):219-229
Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH4+, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO3− on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO3− leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO3− leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO3− leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop. 相似文献
10.
超临界水处理有机废物研究新进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
超临界水处理废物以通过添加氧化剂的超临界水氧化和不加氧化剂的超临界水萃取两种方式实现,超临界水氧化应用较多,与其它废物处理技术相比有显著优点。本文总结了超临界水氧化流程和反应机理,评述了添加剂,温度,压力及停留时间,催化剂等对超临界水氧化反应的影响,同时介绍了超临界水氧化和超临界水萃取的最新应用研究状况及尚需解决问题。 相似文献