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1.
The performance of Ce-OMS-2 catalysts was improved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase the oxygen vacancy density. The Ce-OMS-2 samples were prepared with different fill percentages by means of a hydrothermal approach (i.e. 80%, 70%, 50% and 30%). Ce-OMS-2 with 80% fill percentage (Ce-OMS-2-80%) showed ozone conversion of 97%, and a lifetime experiment carried out for more than 20?days showed that the activity of the catalyst still remained satisfactorily high (91%). For Ce-OMS-2-80%, Mn ions in the framework as well as K ions in the tunnel sites were replaced by Ce4+, while for the others only Mn ions were replaced. O2-TPD and H2-TPR measurements proved that the Ce-OMS-2-80% catalyst possessed the greatest number of mobile surface oxygen species. XPS and XAFS showed that increasing the fill percentage can reduce the AOS of Mn and augment the amount of oxygen vacancies. The active sites, which accelerate the elimination of O3, can be enriched by increasing the oxygen vacancies. These findings indicate that increasing ozone removal can be achieved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process. 相似文献
2.
Ozone (O3), as a harmful air pollutant, has been of wide concern. Safe, efficient, and economical O3 removal methods urgently need to be developed. Catalytic decomposition is the most promising method for O3 removal, especially at room temperature or even subzero temperatures. Great efforts have been made to develop high-efficiency catalysts for O3 decomposition that can operate at low temperatures, high space velocity and high humidity. First, this review describes the general reaction mechanism of O3 decomposition on noble metal and transition metal oxide catalysts. Then, progress on the O3 decomposition performance of various catalysts in the past 30 years is summarized in detail. The main focus is the O3 decomposition performance of manganese oxides, which are divided into supported manganese oxides and non-supported manganese oxides. Methods to improve the activity, stability, and humidity resistance of manganese oxide catalysts for O3 decomposition are also summarized. The deactivation mechanisms of manganese oxides under dry and humid conditions are discussed. The O3 decomposition performance of monolithic catalysts is also summarized from the perspective of industrial applications. Finally, the future development directions and prospects of O3 catalytic decomposition technology are put forward. 相似文献
3.
Ozone pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis using an observation-based model in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ming Wang Wentai Chen Lin Zhang Wei Qin Yong Zhang Xiangzhi Zhang Xin Xie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(7):13-22
Ground-level ozone (O3) has become a critical pollutant impeding air quality improvement in Yangtze River Delta region of China. In this study, we present O3 pollution characteristics based on one-year online measurements during 2016 at an urban site in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Then, the sensitivity of O3 to its precursors during 2 O3 pollution episodes in August was analyzed using a box model based on observation (OBM). The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of hydrocarbons was larger than other precursors, suggesting that hydrocarbons played the dominant role in O3 formation. The RIR values for NOX ranged from –0.41%/% to 0.19%/%. The O3 sensitivity was also analyzed based on relationship of simulated O3 production rates with reductions of VOC and NOX derived from scenario analyses. Simulation results illustrate that O3 formation was between VOCs-limited and transition regime. Xylenes and light alkenes were found to be key species in O3 formation according to RIR values, and their sources were determined using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Paints and solvent use was the largest contributor to xylenes (54%), while petrochemical industry was the most important source to propene (82%). Discussions on VOCs and NOX reduction schemes suggest that the 5% O3 control goal can be achieved by reducing VOCs by 20%. To obtain 10% O3 control goal, VOCs need to be reduced by 30% with VOCs/NOX larger than 3:1. 相似文献
4.
基于太原市2015年1月~2019年2月的空气质量监测数据,分析了太原市近地面臭氧浓度变化特征。结果表明:2015~2018年太原市臭氧年平均浓度为78.42、82.33、95.87、103.77μg/m 3,臭氧浓度存在加速上升趋势;臭氧浓度逐日变化范围为5~270μg/m 3,共有181 d超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值(160μg/m 3),超标时段主要集中于5~8月份;臭氧浓度日变化呈单峰型分布,峰值与谷值时段分别为14∶00~16∶00和6∶00~7∶00;臭氧浓度有明显的月变化规律,峰值与谷值时段分别为6~7月和1月、12月;臭氧浓度还表现出显著的季节变化规律,按浓度高低依次排序为夏季、春季、秋季和冬季;臭氧浓度与NO 2、CO、PM 2.5浓度呈负相关性。 相似文献
5.
Owing to the vast territory of China and strong regional characteristic of ozone pollution,it's desirable for policy makers to have a targeted and prioritized regulation and ozone pollution control strategy in China based on scientific evidences. It's important to assess its current pollution status as well as spatial and temporal variation patterns across China.Recent advances of national monitoring networks provide an opportunity to insight the actions of ozone pollution. Here, we present rotated empirical orthogonal function(REOF)analysis that was used on studying the spatiotemporal characteristics of daily ozone concentrations. Based on results of REOF analysis in pollution seasons for 3 years' observations, twelve regions with clear patterns were identified in China. The patterns of temporal variation of ozone in each region were separated well and different from each other, reflecting local meteorological, photochemical or pollution features. A rising trend in annual averaged Eight-hour Average Ozone Concentrations(O_3-8 hr) from 2014 to 2016 was observed for all regions, except for the Tibetan Plateau. The mean values of annual and 90 percentile concentrations for all 338 cities were 82.6 ± 14.6 and 133.9 ± 25.8 μg/m~3,respectively, in 2015. The regionalization results of ozone were found to be influenced greatly by terrain features, indicating significant terrain and landform effects on ozone spatial correlations. Among 12 regions, North China Plain, Huanghuai Plain, Central Yangtze River Plain, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin were realized as priority regions for mitigation strategies, due to their higher ozone concentrations and dense population. 相似文献
6.
针对炼油厂废碱液存在的问题,研究一种新处理技术—溶剂萃取、破乳和臭氧氧化。为了解不同水质、pH值、温度的影响而进行试验研究,并获得了最佳操作参数。试验结果表明该技术在脱酚、除油、脱色脱臭方面是一种有效方法。 相似文献
7.
O3是一种强氧化剂。利用臭氧处理带色有机废水。可以脱色,而且可以降低废水COD。采用O3氧化脱色速度快,效果好,对废水的脱色废可达80%以上,这是通常的混凝处理通信以达到的。如果采用通臭氧和混凝联合处理,处理效果会更好,脱色率可提高到95%以上。 相似文献
8.
9.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):340-348
In recent years, near surface ozone pollution, has attracted more and more attention, which necessitates the development of high efficient and low cost catalysts. In this work, CuO/Cu2O heterojunctioned catalyst is fabricated by heating Cu2O at high temperature, and is adopted as ozone decomposition catalyst. The results show that after Cu2O is heated at 180°C conversion of ozone increases from 75.2% to 89.3% at mass space velocity 1,920,000 cm3/(g·hr) in dry air with 1000 ppmV ozone, which indicates that this heterojunction catalyst is one of the most efficient catalysts reported at present. Catalysts are characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed that the heterojunction promotes the electron transfer in the catalytic process and creates more defects and oxygen vacancies in the CuO/Cu2O interfaces. This procedure of manufacturing heterostructures would also be applicable to other metal oxide catalysts, and it is expected to be more widely applied to the synthesis of high-efficiency heterostructured catalysts in the future. 相似文献
10.
WILLIAM E. HOGSETT JAMES E. WEBER DAVID TINGEY ANDREW HERSTROM E. HENRY LEE JOHN A. LAURENCE 《Environmental management》1997,21(1):105-120
/ The risk tropospheric ozone poses to forests in the United States is dependent on the variation in ozone exposure across the distribution of the forests in question and the various environmental and climate factors predominant in the region. All these factors have a spatial nature, and consequently an approach to characterization of ozone risk is presented that places ozone exposure-response functions for species as seedlings and model-simulated tree and stand responses in a spatial context using a geographical information systems (GIS). The GIS is used to aggregate factors considered important in a risk characterization, including: (1) estimated ozone exposures over forested regions, (2) measures of ozone effects on species' and stand growth, and (3) spatially distributed environmental, genetic, and exposure influences on species' response to ozone. The GIS-based risk characterization provides an estimation of the extent and magnitude of the potential ozone impact on forests. A preliminary risk characterization demonstrating this approach considered only the eastern United States and only the limited empirical data quantifying the effect of ozone exposures on forest tree species as seedlings. The area-weighted response of the annual seedling biomass loss formed the basis for a sensitivity ranking: sensitive-aspen and black cherry (14%-33% biomass loss over 50% of their distribution); moderately sensitive-tulip popular, loblolly pine, eastern white pine, and sugar maple (5%-13% biomass loss); insensitive-Virginia pine and red maple (0%-1% loss). In the future, the GIS-based risk characterization will include process-based model simulations of the three- to 5-year growth response of individual species as large trees with relevant environmental interactions and model simulated response of mixed stands. The interactive nature of GIS provides a tool to explore consequences of the range of climate conditions across a species' distribution, forest management practices, changing ozone precursors, regulatory control strategies, and other factors influencing the spatial distribution of ozone over time as more information becomes available.KEY WORDS: Ecological risk assessment; GIS; Ozone; Risk characterization; Forests; Trees 相似文献