Applications of nanomaterials in water treatment and environmental remediation

Nanotechnology has revolutionized plethora of scientific and technological fields; environmental safety is no exception. One of the most promising and well- developed environmental applications of nanotechnology has been in water remediation and treatment where different nanomaterials can help purify water through different mechanisms including adsorption of heavy metals and other pollutants, removal and inactivation of patho- gens and transformation of toxic materials into less toxic compounds. For this purpose, nanomaterials have been produced in different shapes, integrated into various composites and functionalized with active components. Nanomaterials have also been incorporated in nanostructured catalytic membranes which can in turn help enhance water treatment. In this article, we have provided a succinct review of the most common and popular nanomaterials （titania, carbon nanotubes （CNTs）, zero-valent iron, dendrimers and silver nanomaterials） which are currently used in environmental remediation and particularly in water purification. The catalytic properties and functionalities of the mentioned materials have also been discussed.     

聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)树形分子在洗煤废水处理中的应用研究

使用PAMAM树形分子混凝沉淀法处理洗煤废水，分析了洗煤废水的特点及其难处理的原因，探索了该方法处理洗煤废水的机理，并研究了树形分子的代数、溶液的酸度以及树形分子的加药量对浊度和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明该方法处理效果优于传统的Ca(OH)2 PAM法，尝试将Ca(OH)2 PAMAM联用，处理后的上清液浊度为2．73度。化学需氧量(COD)的去除率达99．5％。     

聚酰胺胺树形分子在染料废水处理中的应用研究

使用聚酰胺胺 (PAMAM)树形分子对以酸性红B为代表的 1 2种水溶性染料模拟废水进行脱色处理。研究了溶液的酸度、时间、以及PAMAM的加入量对脱色率的影响。研究表明 ,PAMAM树形分子对水溶性染料具有优异的脱色效果 ,在pH =1～ 9较宽的范围内 ,PAMAM在 1 0mg/L的条件下 ,1 0min左右即能使多数模拟废水脱色 98%以上 ,CODCr去除率大多在 96 %左右。     

新型稠油原油污水高效破乳剂-PAMAM树形分子

通过保护与反保护的方法,合成了PAMAM稠油原污水高效破乳剂。探讨了原油废水的 pH值、温度,以及不同 PAMAM代数对稠油原油污水破乳效果的影响。联合无机高分子絮凝剂得了更好的效果。现场试验表明,PAMAM树形分子是一类性能优良的原油污水破乳剂。     

Magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers for magnetic separation and sensitive determination of organochlorine pesticides from water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have received much attention due to their toxicity. Reliable methods to monitor their residues in the environment are needed. Here, magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers were prepared by co-precipitation, Michael addition, and amidation. The magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers demonstrated good adsorption ability for OCPs—this feature was utilized to construct a sensitive tool for monitoring OCPs in water samples. The proposed method provided remarkable linearity from 0.1 to 500 μg/L and satisfactory limits of detection from 0.012 to 0.029 μg/L. The spiked recoveries of the four target analytes were 91.8%?103.5% with relative standard deviations less than 4.5%. The magnetic materials had good reusability. The results indicated that the resulting method was an efficient, easy, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly tool for monitoring OCPs in aqueous samples.