以Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)为电解媒质间接电合成苯乙醛的减废工艺

对间接电合成苯乙醛的减废工艺进行了研究。结果表明,当H2SO4介质浓度为60％,系统温度为60℃,Mn(Ⅲ）与乙苯的摩尔比为1：3时,可以减少合成苯乙醛时污染物的产生量,产率为57．8％。通过对媒质循环使用的研究获得了间接电合成苯乙醛的减废工艺流程。     

Honeybees learn floral odors while receiving nectar from foragers within the hive

Recent studies showed that nectar odors brought back by honeybee foragers can be learned associatively inside the hive. In the present study, we focused on the learning abilities of bees, which directly interact via trophallaxis with the incoming nectar foragers: the workers that perform nectar-receiving tasks inside the hive. Workers that have received food directly from foragers coming back from a feeder offering either unscented or scented sugar solution [phenylacetaldehyde (PHE) or nonanal diluted] were captured from two observational hives, and their olfactory memories were tested using the proboscis extension response paradigm. Bees that have received scented solution from incoming foragers showed significantly increased response frequencies for the corresponding solution odor in comparison with those that have received unscented solution. No differences in the response frequencies were found between food odors and colonies. The results indicate that first-order receivers learn via trophallaxis the association between the scent and the sugar solution transferred by incoming foragers. The implications of these results should be considered at three levels: the operational cohesion of bees involved in foraging-related tasks, the information propagation inside the hive related to the floral type exploited, and the putative effect of these memories on future preferences for resources.