猪场粪便微生物处理技术研究

猪场粪便是重要污染源，但又是一类尚未充分利用的资源。采用生态工程与资源化综合技术处理猪场粪便，固态粪经堆肥发酵后转化成优质有机肥，粪水经厌氧产沼、光合细菌液肥化、水生植物氧化塘多级处理和资源化利用，出水可达排放标准，为猪场粪便的处置提供了一种可供选用的技术。     

猪舍污水的处理技术

随着“菜篮子”工程的实施,上海市郊集约化饲养场蓬勃发展,但大量粪尿污水亦带来了严重的环境问题,本文就活性污泥法与土壤处理法对猪舍污水的氮、磷去除技术作了较详细的介绍.这些处理技术的特点是设备简单、操作方便、投资省,而处理效果较好,具有实用价值.     

Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from Anaerobic Piggery Wastewater Treatment by Bromochloromethane in Taiwan

Abstract

This work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. First, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separation immediately after washing pig houses. This process can reduce by 62% the biogas production and indirectly decrease the methane production from the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Second, adding 10 mg L^?1 bromochloromethane (BCM) daily into the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor can significantly reduce the amount of biogas and methane produced during the anaerobic fermentation process. Furthermore, biogas production can be completely inhibited after 4 days. Adding BCM (≤10 mg L^?1) to wastewater only slightly affected the efficiency of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Results in this study can provide the basis for further research on reduction of the amount of methane produced from anaerobic wastewater treatments.     

养猪场废水处理工艺研究

采用接触氧化－水解－两段接触氧化－混凝工艺处理高浓度养殖废水,通过试验得到最佳工艺参数,在最佳试验条件下,进水ＣＯＤｃｒ小于５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,经处理后出水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去地９７％,ＢＯＤ５去除率大于９８％,氨氮去除率大于９６％,各项主要指标可达污水综合排放标准一级标准。     

Rapid aerobic granulation in an SBR treating piggery wastewater by seeding sludge from a municipal WWTP

Aerobic sludge granulation was rapidly obtained in the erlenmeyer bottle and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using piggery wastewater. Aerobic granulation occurred on day 3 and granules with mean diameter of 0.2 mm and SVI₃₀ of 20.3 mL/g formed in SBR on day 18. High concentrations of Ca and Fe in the raw piggery wastewater and operating mode accelerated aerobic granulation, even though the seed sludge was from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Alpha diversity analysis revealed Operational Taxonomic Units, Shannon, ACE and Chao 1 indexes in aerobic granules were 2013, 5.51, 4665.5 and 3734.5, which were obviously lower compared to seed sludge. The percentages of major microbial communities, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were obviously higher in aerobic granules than seed sludge. Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, TM7 and Acidobacteria showed much higher abundances in the inoculum. The main reasons might be the characteristics of raw piggery wastewater and granule structure.     

Viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultures for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent

Algal phytoremediation represents a practical green solution for treating anaerobically digested piggery effluent(ADPE). The potential and viability of combining microalgae and macroalgae cultivation for the efficient treatment of ADPE were evaluated in this study.Bioprospecting the ability of different locally isolated macroalgae species illustrated the potential of Cladophora sp. to successfully grow and treat ADPE with up to 150 mg/L NH_4~+ with a biomass productivity of(0.13 ± 0.02) g/(L·day) and ammonium removal rate of(10.23 ± 0.18) mg/(L·day) NH_4~+. When grown by itself, the microalgae consortium used in this study consisting of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. was found to grow and treat undiluted ADPE(up to 525 mg/L NH_4~+) with an average ammonium removal rate of 25 mg/(L·day) NH_4~+ and biomass productivity of(0.012 ± 0.0001) g/(L·day). Nevertheless, when combined together, despite the different cultivation systems(attached and non-attached) evaluated,microalgae and macroalgae were unable to co-exist together and treat ADPE as their respective growth were inversely related to each other due to direct competition for nutrients and available resources as well as the negative physical interaction between both algal groups.     

超声波预处理对厌氧生物制氢的可行性探讨

由于能实现废弃物资源化,减少环境污染,制取清洁能源氢气,生物厌氧发酵制氢技术日益受到人们关注。在众多废水生化预处理技术中,超声波技术拥有高效氧化、焚烧、超临界氧化的特点,而且超声波操作简单,对设备的要求不高。本文阐述了厌氧发酵生物制氢的菌种来源、产氢机理及超声波技术在废水处理方面的应用。同时探讨了超声波预处理猪场废水对提高厌氧发酵生物产氢量的可行性,提出了优化性建议。