全文获取类型
收费全文 | 383篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 15篇 |
废物处理 | 7篇 |
环保管理 | 163篇 |
综合类 | 122篇 |
基础理论 | 30篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 27篇 |
评价与监测 | 7篇 |
社会与环境 | 16篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 26篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 16篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 30篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有392条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Human adaptation to climate change: a review of three historical cases and some general perspectives
To study mitigation and adaptation to climate change, social scientists have drawn on different approaches, particularly sociological approaches to the future and comparative history of past societies. These two approaches frame the social and temporal boundaries of decision-making collectivities in different ways. A consideration of the responses to climate variability in three historical cases, the Classic Maya of Mexico and Central America, the Viking settlements in Greenland, and the US Dust Bowl, shows the value of integrating these two approaches. 相似文献
2.
Recycling operations have become one of the primary strategies for waste management, worldwide. Especially, recycling operations are viewed as among the most effective techniques for reducing the amount of municipal solid waste disposed at landfill sites. Botswana's environmental policy on recycling stipulates, among others, that all waste management authorities should provide information on the classification and quantities of controlled waste targeted for recycling. This paper, therefore, examines the extent to which recycling operations in Botswana have either been conducted in compliance with or in violation of some major environmental requirements as enunciated on statutory guidelines. Compatibility between environmental policies on recycling and actual practice is evaluated focusing on two companies (Dumatau trading and Botswana Tissue) involved in recycling operation. Data from the two companies is complemented by one collected from the Gaborone landfill site. Finally, this study discusses on the role played by various stakeholders in policy formulation and implementation with particular emphasis being placed on a select number of non-governmental organisations (NGO). 相似文献
3.
4.
Critical review of Integrated Water Resources Management: Moving beyond polarised discourse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) emerged as a popular concept in the water sector in the 20th century. From a highly techno-centric approach in the past, it has taken a new turn embracing Habermasian communicative rationality as a place-based nexus for multiple actors to consensually and communicatively integrate decisions in a hydrological unit. The 'how to integrate' approach had remarkable appeal worldwide in promoting authentic participation of all stakeholders. However, critics argue that the domain of water resource management is a political process of contestation and negotiation; the emphasis is on complexities, contextuality, power dynamics and the importance of analysing real world situations. They demonstrate 'how integration cannot be achieved' given the power dynamics in social interactions. These apparently contradictory discourses draw on different theoretical paradigms and polarise the discourse on IWRM, without offering constructive alternatives. To this end, this paper offers an option to complement this polarised discourse by examining 'how integration actually does take place' in a strategic context thereby facilitating consensual decisions to integrate water management for a sustainable future. 相似文献
5.
我国实施清洁生产的法制建设的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述了我国推行清洁生产的现状和所面临的特殊性和普遍性障碍,提出了推行清洁生产的方式选择,以及将清洁生产融入现行环境各项具体制度的内容,并建议我国制定环境政策应向“第二代环境政策”转变。 相似文献
6.
The utilisation of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in Iran is analysed in terms of its policy context and its application in practice. Five case studies where SIA was employed in conjunction with Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for agricultural development projects are evaluated. In addition, the performance of the policy context is assessed. This research revealed that there are legal and institutional constraints to the effective functioning of SIA in Iran, and that there are deficiencies in the operating guidelines. There were serious problems associated with the way SIA was undertaken in all five case studies. Recommendations to improve the policy framework for the conduct of SIA are made. The recommendations advocate for a higher profile of SIA within legislation, for social issues to have greater emphasis in official guidelines for the conduct of EIA and SIA, and for a range of measures to increase the professionalism of SIA practice. 相似文献
7.
Cultural heritage is being addressed by a number of charters and conventions and it is clear that its consideration within decision-making processes is progressively becoming a real challenge, both for developers and public authorities. Against this background, this paper reviews the environmental assessment framework developed by the European Community, as this should increasingly influence decision making about cultural heritage in an urban setting. The legislative framework for access to environmental information is also reviewed because of its relevance to the decision-making process.The Directives on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment both require a consideration of cultural heritage in decision making. This requirement can go some way to addressing the paradox in the European Community's position whereby the community wishes to conserve and enhance its own cultural identity whilst, at the same time, cultural heritage is usually defined at a local level. The present paper suggests that, given their flexibility, the two European Community directives on environmental assessment constitute a promising opportunity to address this seeming paradox, but that there is a significant gap between legal obligations and the methodological tools to meet them. 相似文献
8.
Sandra Uthes Katharina Fricke Peter Zander Stefan Sieber Annette Piorr 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(18):2136-2152
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), a system of market support instruments, direct income transfers, and rural development measures, has been put through an ongoing reform process in recent decades. This paper introduces three policy impact assessment tools (SIAT, SEAMLESS-IF, MEA-Scope tool) and analyses how these tools have responded to a number of challenges for integrated assessment modelling as reported in the international literature. Significant progress has been made with regard to modelling linkages whereas other challenges, particularly those related to issues of scale and uncertainty management, require further efforts. It is also analysed which CAP instruments are represented and what kinds of effects can be analysed at different scales. Market instruments and direct payments are comparatively well represented, while the ability to model rural development measures is mostly beyond the scope of these tools. Because each tool has found a different solution for coping with the common challenges of integrated assessment modelling, the choice of one of the tools for a particular application depends strongly on the policy questions being asked. The SIAT provides the big picture via its ability to represent broad changes in policy instruments with EU-wide cross-sector impacts. The most comprehensive analysis of agricultural policy instruments can be obtained with SEAMLESS-IF. The MEA-Scope tool complements the other two approaches with detailed regional profiles. 相似文献
9.
10.
Policy makers often must rely on the cumulative impact of independent actions taken by local landowners to achieve environmental
goals. The connection between policy, regulation, and local action, however, is often not well understood and, thus, the impact
of proposed policies may be difficult to predict. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of alternative policy scenarios
for agricultural set aside programs (e.g., the conservation reserve program administered by the United States Department of
Agriculture) in reducing nonpoint pollution. Two alternative policy scenarios are developed and analyzed; one based on the
erodibility index (detachment), the other sediment yield (transport). An estimate of the cumulative impact of associated land
use change on nonpoint pollution is made using the AGNPS distributed parameter watershed model. This work is completed within
the Cypress Creek watershed in southern Illinois. An analysis of the resulting data suggests that the most efficacious regulatory
strategy for achieving nonpoint water pollution goals depends, in part, on place-specific land use patterns. This conclusion
provides a solid argument for place-based regulatory strategies. 相似文献