Fas/FasL途径在氟暴露致PC12细胞凋亡中的作用

为了探讨Fas/FasL途径在氟暴露致PC12细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制,采用含20、40、80、160mg/L NaF培养液处理PC12细胞.结果表明,所有剂量NaF处理12、24、36、48h,PC12细胞活性升高;上述不同剂量NaF处理24h后,与对照组比,PC12细胞的活性氧水平、细胞凋亡率、细胞内Fas/FasL信号转导通路Fas和FasL、Caspase8、FADD、Caspase3基因和蛋白表达水平均呈显著上升（P < 0.05）,而Bid基因和蛋白表达水平显著下降（P < 0.05）,且呈氟暴露剂量依赖性.结果提示Fas/FasL途径在氟暴露致PC12细胞凋亡中起重要作用,其中FADD可能是Fas/FasL凋亡途径中的重要靶分子.     

Photodegradation of Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Trimer Acid under UV Irradiation

As a novel alternative to traditional perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), hexafluoroproplyene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) has been detected worldwide in surface water. Moreover, recent researches have demonstrated that HFPO-TA has stronger bioaccumulation potential and higher hepatotoxicity than PFOA. To treat these contaminants e.g. PFOA and PFOS, some photochemical techniques by adding exogenous substances had been reported. However, there is still no report for the behavior of HFPO-TA itself under direct UV irradiation. The current study investigated the photo-transformation of HFPO-TA under UV irradiation in aqueous solution. After 72 hr photoreaction, 75% degradation ratio and 25% defluorination ratio were achieved under ambient condition. Reducing active species, i.e., hydrated electrons and active hydrogen atoms, generated from water splitting played dominant roles in degradation of HFPO-TA, which was confirmed by different effects of reaction atmospheres and quenching experiments. A possible degradation pathway was proposed based on the products identification and theoretical calculations. In general, HFPO-TA would be transformed into shorter-chain PFASs, including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFA) and trifluoroacetate (TFA). This research provides basic information for HFPO-TA photodegradation process and is essential to develop novel remediation techniques for HFPO-TA and other alternatives with similar structures.     

潜在危害性指数法在筛选污染因子中的应用

介绍了潜在危害性指数法的基本原理和计算公式，通过某大型化工企业的实例，提出了应用的要求，并筛选出了企业的９项主要的环境监测因子。     

阿拉伯半岛沙尘时空分布特征及气象条件

通过对阿拉伯半岛地面90个气象站20年沙尘天气、AI指数及风场的时空分布特征结合气象条件分析，确定该区域沙尘天气的发生规律及传输路径.结果表明：永久多尘地区是半岛扬沙发生最频繁的区域，从2月开始扩张，并在6月达到最大.浮尘的时空分布与扬沙类似，但还存在希贾兹山脉北部和波斯湾沿岸的高值中心，3月与永久多尘地区的高值区连成一片，6~7月达到最大，然后开始收缩并分裂成几个小中心.AI指数存在一个像倒箭头的相对高值中心，其变化具有明显的单峰分布，强度和范围在6月最大.10~4月和5~9月半岛分别盛行顺时针、逆时针旋转的风向，它们将沙尘远程传输到下游地区.天气学分析表明，冷锋入侵半岛使得来自北方的冷空气快速锲入暖空气之下，是导致沙尘天气出现的主要原因；后向轨迹聚类分析显示，半岛存在3类传输路径，其重要性依次为西北方向撒哈拉沙漠的远程传输、反气旋风场将来自伊拉克或伊朗的沙尘远程传输和本地的沙尘源传输.     

乙醇废水的超临界水氧化反应路径及动力学研究

研究了超临界水氧化法 (SCWO)处理乙醇废水过程的反应路径和动力学 .乙醇SCWO反应的最终产物为CO2 ,CO是此过程的中间产物 .以幂指数方程描述乙醇SCWO反应动力学 ,得到对于乙醇的反应级数为 1,对氧气的反应级数为 0 .求出活化能和指前因子分别为 3 5 1× 10 5J·mol-1和 7 74× 10 2 1s-1.方程计算值和实验值吻合较好 ,误差基本在 10 %以内     

种子发芽势在环境污染监测中作为生物指标的尝试

本文用测定种子发芽势的方法，对Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋Ａｓ３－的生物毒害效应进行了试验，结果表明，种子发芽指数能很好地反映不同浓度Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ａｓ３－的生物毒害作用．种子发芽势试验也可用于多成分污染物的生物毒性判别，通过相关分析或复回归分析可以大致判别出多成分污染物中何种成分生物毒性大．     

基于大气被动式采样的人体头发中类二(口恶)英多氯联苯暴露的途径

本研究通过分析采集自云南省开远市的13个树皮混合样品和13个相应的头发混合样品中DL-PCBs的水平、同族体分布及相关性,研究了当地人群对DL-PCBs的主要暴露途径.结果表明,云南开远树皮和头发样品中DL-PCBs的含量分别为4.0~88.9 pg·g^-1和4.1~19.3 pg·g^-1,其在当地环境和人体中的污染程度均较轻.树皮和头发样品中主要的DL-PCB同族体均是PCB-118,分别占总含量的48%和61%.树皮样品中DL-PCBs的各同族体具有相同的源,其主要的来源可能是大气的长距离输移.云南开远市居民头发中的PCBs可能来源于内部暴露和外部暴露的综合作用,其中外部暴露对低氯代PCBs的贡献要高于高氯代PCBs.     

Community structure and elevational diversity patterns of soil Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is one of the most dominant and abundant phyla in soil,and was believed to have a wide range of metabolic and genetic functions. Relatively little is known about its community structure and elevational diversity patterns. We selected four elevation gradients from 1000 to 2800 m with typical vegetation types of the northern slope of Shennongjia Mountain in central China. The vegetation types were evergreen broadleaved forest,deciduous broadleaved forest,coniferous forest and sub-alpine shrubs. We analyzed the soil acidobacterial community composition,elevational patterns and the relationship between Acidobacteria subdivisions and soil enzyme activities by using the 16 S rRNA meta-sequencing technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The result found that 19 known subdivisions as well as an unclassified phylotype were presented in these forest sites,and Subdivision 6 has the highest number of detectable operational taxonomic units(OTUs). A significant single peak distribution pattern(P 0.05) between the OTU number and the elevation was observed. The Jaccard and Bray–Curtis index analysis showed that the soil Acidobacteria compositional similarity significantly decreased(P 0.01) with the increase in elevation distance. Mantel test analysis showed the most of the soil Acidobacteria subdivisions had the significant relationship(P 0.01) with different soil enzymes. Therefore,soil Acidobacteria may be involved in different ecosystem functions in global elemental cycles. Partial Mantel tests and CCA analysis showed that soil pH,soil temperature and plant diversity may be the key factors in shaping the soil Acidobacterial community structure.     

大连星海地区环境空气中挥发性有机物的臭氧生成潜势研究

以该实验的观测资料为基础,通过数据分析表明,对大连星海地区OH自由基消耗的主要环境VOCs组分是烯烃类物质,对O3生成潜势贡献最高的环境VOCs组分是芳香烃类物质;综合LiOH及OFP值评价,识别影响大连星海地区O3生成的关键环境VOCs反应活性物种为丙烯、甲苯、间对二甲苯等物质。