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1.
Understanding implications of consumer behavior for wildlife farming and sustainable wildlife trade
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A. Nuno J. M. Blumenthal T. J. Austin J. Bothwell G. Ebanks‐Petrie B. J. Godley A. C. Broderick 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):390-400
Unsustainable wildlife trade affects biodiversity and the livelihoods of communities dependent upon those resources. Wildlife farming has been proposed to promote sustainable trade, but characterizing markets and understanding consumer behavior remain neglected but essential steps in the design and evaluation of such operations. We used sea turtle trade in the Cayman Islands, where turtles have been farm raised for human consumption for almost 50 years, as a case study to explore consumer preferences toward wild‐sourced (illegal) and farmed (legal) products and potential conservation implications. Combining methods innovatively (including indirect questioning and choice experiments), we conducted a nationwide trade assessment through in‐person interviews from September to December 2014. Households were randomly selected using disproportionate stratified sampling, and responses were weighted based on district population size. We approached 597 individuals, of which 37 (6.2%) refused to participate. Although 30% of households had consumed turtle in the previous 12 months, the purchase and consumption of wild products was rare (e.g., 64–742 resident households consumed wild turtle meat [i.e., 0.3–3.5% of households] but represented a large threat to wild turtles in the area due to their reduced populations). Differences among groups of consumers were marked, as identified through choice experiments, and price and source of product played important roles in their decisions. Despite the long‐term practice of farming turtles, 13.5% of consumers showed a strong preference for wild products, which demonstrates the limitations of wildlife farming as a single tool for sustainable wildlife trade. By using a combination of indirect questioning, choice experiments, and sales data to investigate demand for wildlife products, we obtained insights about consumer behavior that can be used to develop conservation‐demand‐focused initiatives. Lack of data from long‐term social–ecological assessments hinders the evaluation of and learning from wildlife farming. This information is key to understanding under which conditions different interventions (e.g., bans, wildlife farming, social marketing) are likely to succeed. 相似文献
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对β修正光度法测定废水中痕量银进行了研究,该方法能消除反应液中过量显色剂干扰,提高分析灵敏度和准确度。测定结果表明,银加标回收率93.0-106.0%,精密度RSD2.3%,银量低测定浓度0.02mg/L。该方法适合于印相,电镀等行业废水银分析。 相似文献
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5p deletion syndrome commonly known as cri du chat is well described in affected neonates with catlike cry and hypotonia. Karyotyping will usually show a deletion of the short arm of one chromosome 5 with variable breakpoints. Only a few cases have been reported prenatally, and the fetal form of the syndrome has not been clearly individualised. We report a new case of 5p deletion syndrome diagnosed prenatally in association with Dandy–Walker syndrome and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Other brain anomalies have been reported previously, but this unusual association suggests the use of a specific probe in the investigation of these malformations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Xin Xing Na Li Jie Cheng Yonggang Sun Zhongshen Zhang Xin Zhang Zhengping Hao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(10):55-63
In this work, a series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (25, 50, 100 and 200) were synthesized and investigated in n-butylamine catalytic degradation. The n-butylamine can be completely catalytic degradation at 350°C over all Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts. Moreover, Cu-ZSM-5 (25) exhibited the highest selectivity to N2, exceeding 90% at 350°C. These samples were investigated in detail by several characterizations to illuminate the dependence of the catalytic performance on redox properties, Cu species, and acidity. The characterization results proved that the redox properties and chemisorption oxygen primarily affect n-butylamine conversion. N2 selectivity was impacted by the Brønsted acidity and the isolated Cu2+ species. Meanwhile, the surface acid sites over Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts could influence the formation of Cu species. Furthermore, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra was adopted to explore the reaction mechanism. The Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts are the most prospective catalysts for nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds removal, and the results in this study could provide new insights into catalysts design for VOC catalytic oxidation. 相似文献
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采用两步水热法制备了新型磁性纳米Fe3O4@α-MnO2复合材料作为催化剂,用于活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基(SO4-·)氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5(RBK5).采用透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对制备的催化剂进行表征,证明成功合成了纳米α-MnO2包覆Fe3O4形态的Fe3O4@α-MnO2催化剂,催化剂的饱和磁化强度为39.89emu/g.Fe3O4@α-MnO2催化剂活化PMS与单一的Fe3O4和α-MnO2活化PMS相比,具有更高的催化效率,说明铁锰双金属存在协同作用.同时研究了催化剂的投加量、PMS的浓度和初始pH值等各种因素对RBK5的降解效率以及反应动力学的影响.实验结果表明,Fe3O4@α-MnO2催化剂活化PMS降解RBK5的过程符合准一级反应动力学,在催化剂投加量为1.2g/L,PMS的浓度为4mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0,反应时间为60min的情况下,浓度为30mg/L的RBK5的降解效率可达到91%,此时RBK5的降解速率常数也达到最高值0.023min-1.此外,通过加入自由基淬灭剂甲醇、叔丁醇和硝基苯判断了Fe3O4@α-MnO2/PMS体系中起主要氧化降解作用的活性物种为SO4-·. 相似文献
6.
目的研究7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA合金钢试样的电化学性能。方法采用电化学实验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、腐蚀坑深度测试分别对7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA合金钢试样在是否经过天然海水浸泡的情况下进行测试分析,得到微观腐蚀形貌和腐蚀坑深度以及试样表面不带锈和带锈时的电化学性能。结果随着Na Cl浓度增大,7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA钢的自腐蚀电流变大,两者之间存在明显的电位差,接触后会发生电偶腐蚀。电偶电流与阴阳极面积比和Na Cl浓度有关,阴阳极面积比增大或Na Cl浓度升高均会导致电偶效应增强。经过海水短期浸泡后,7B04铝合金表面的锈层不仅没有起到抑制腐蚀的作用,反而使自腐蚀加重,但电偶效应确实有所减弱。结论沿海设备在使用过程中应竭力避免铝合金在锈层下工作。 相似文献
7.
TSP-PM10-PM2.5-2型中流量大气颗粒物采集系统的开发和应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
自行开发并研制了TSP-PM10-PM2.5-2型中流量TSP、PM10、PM2.5大气颗粒物采集系统,是目前中国唯一可以采集TSP、PM10、PM2.5样品并提供足够的样品量进行大气颗粒物化学成分分析的中流量大气颗粒物采集器.该系统精心设计和加工的限流孔可以保持完全固定的流量,保证切割粒径的稳定,减小采样的误差并方便操作.该系统已经成功地应用于20多个城市和地区大气颗粒物的监测和研究中,为研究大气颗粒物的污染状况和来源提供了有效的技术手段和支持. 相似文献
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基于B-P神经网络的环境质量评价方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出可将环境质量评价的无论是定量指标还是定性参数转化成"二进制"的"1"或"0",进而将这种二进制数引入B-P网络.通过实例探讨,这种新的B-P网络既适用于定量指标的水质参数又适用于定性指标的水质参数. 相似文献