二价铜离子对川蔓藻(Ruppia maritima)的毒害作用研究

采用室内培养试验方法,研究了水体中二价铜离子(Cu2 )对耐盐沉水植物川蔓藻的毒害作用.试验针对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和POD活性3项指标进行分析.结果表明,川蔓藻对低浓度铜离子的胁迫会产生一定的适应性,在Cu2 ≤1 mg·L-1的情况下对川蔓藻生长不会造成明显影响.Cu2 达到或超过5 mg·L-1就会使川蔓藻植株的生理生化指标出现明显变化,生长也会受到抑制.在试验条件下,铜离子浓度越高,植株受到的伤害越严重.     

极端嗜热菌海栖热袍菌木聚糖酶B的克隆和表达

极端嗜热菌海栖热袍菌MSB8(ThermotogamaritimaMSB8)能够利用木聚糖代谢 ,并具有两个产木聚糖酶的基因 .本研究首次克隆和在大肠杆菌中表达海栖热袍菌MSB8的第 2个木聚糖酶基因即xynB基因 .以基因组DNA为模板 ,根据xynB基因的全序列设计了两对引物 ,在合适的PCR反应条件下有效地扩增出了xynB基因片段 .选用pET2 8a(+)表达载体 ,NcoI-HindⅢ酶切位点并编码了羧基端 6×His标签的阳性克隆表达成可溶且具有生物活性的蛋白质 .xynB结构基因由 10 4 4对碱基组成 ,编码 347个氨基酸 .根据已知木聚糖酶蛋白质氨基酸的同源性分析 ,XynB与T .sp.strainFjSS3-B .1的XynA的同源性最大 ,为 85 % ,与T .neapolitana的XynB同源性次之 ,为 82 % ,与其它木聚糖酶的同源性小于 4 3% .另外 ,XynB属于F/ 10族木聚糖酶 ,且含有单一功能区 .表 3图 3参 12     

Orientation in the intertidal salt-marsh collembolan Anurida maritima

We investigated the cues used by the intertidal insect Anurida maritima (Apterygota: Collembola) to orient to the appropriate zone in which to seek shelter during high tide. Our experiments clearly ruled out any significant role for magnetic, local topographic, slope or celestial cues. Instead, we suggest that the difference between the appearance of the up-shore and the down-shore horizon is the major cue used by the collembolans. When a mirror was used to duplicate either of the two horizons, the insects were not able to orient. The insects moved towards an artificially dark horizon (the reverse of the mirror) placed down-shore, the opposite of their usual direction of movement. The insects had an endogenous circatidal rhythm of phototactic behaviour: most of the population was always negatively phototactic, but between 2 and 7 h after low tide, a significant proportion of the population became positively phototactic. This is the first demonstration of an endogenous tidal rhythm of orientation in an insect. Received: 31 May 1999 / Received in revised form: 1 February 2000 / Accepted: 19 February 2000     

海栖热袍菌极耐高温木聚糖酶B的化学修饰和活性中心

分别用NBS、DTNB、Phenylgloxal、PMSF、WRK等对海栖热袍菌极耐高温木聚糖酶B进行化学修饰．结果表明，酶蛋白分子上的色氨酸和谷氨酸(或天冬氨酸)残基是维持酶活性的必需基团．半胱氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸及组氨酸残基均不处于酶活性中心．而修饰酶热稳定性测定结果是，羧基对稳定性起重要作用．通过测定修饰酶的假一级常数，得到一个色氨酸残基和一个谷氨酸(或天冬氨酸)残基为极耐高温木聚糖酶B所必需．在加入少量底物后，极耐高温木聚糖酶B的最大荧光发射峰从天然状态下的336am处红移至345am，且峰强度下降．这表明色氨酸残基位于酶蛋白表面．图7表2参18     

川蔓藻对两种常见浮游藻类的化感作用

选取沉水植物川蔓藻与浮游藻类普通小球藻、铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,测定在川蔓藻共培养胁迫下2种藻单独存在和按1：1（V：V）混合情况下的光密度、叶绿素a、最大光化学量子产量、相对电子传递速率、可溶性糖、丙二醛以及超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化.结果表明：在川蔓藻存在的条件下,普通小球藻、铜绿微囊藻和二者混合藻的生长被快速强烈抑制,抑制率在第6d时达到最大值,分别为80.95%、94.18%和94.01%.3个处理组的光密度值、叶绿素a、可溶性糖及最大光化学量子产量等指标均低于对照组,且随时间呈明显的下降趋势,说明其光合能力逐渐减弱.而丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶指标在0~6d却高于对照组,表明可能发生了浮游藻类膜质过氧化过程.