PASS42在微污染饮用水原水处理中的应用研究

:用所研制的混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝对珠江中下游河段原水进行处理 ,改变混凝水力条件 ,对其混凝过程进行了研究并作了经济分析     

S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase in amniotic fluid as markers of abdominal wall and neural tube defects in the fetus

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is increased leakage of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein into amniotic fluid in pregnancies with neural tube defects, since both these proteins are produced by neural tissue, and to compare the value of these substances for detecting such defects with that of the more conventional techniques of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gel electrophoresis. Amniotic samples from 25 mid-pregnancies (15–17 weeks' gestation) with neural tube defects (14 with open spina bifida and 11 with anencephaly) and from seven mid-pregnancies with abdominal wall defects were compared with a control material consisting of 80 amniotic fluid samples from 80 consecutive mid-pregnancy amniocenteses, with normal karyotypes and AFP concentrations. All of the above cases of abnormalities were primarily detected through increased AFP levels in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid samples from 13 pregnancies with fetuses with autosomal chromosomal abnormalities and seven amniotic fluid samples contaminated with blood were also included in the investigation. It is concluded from the results that the conventional AFP assay combined with AChE gel electrophoresis is the best method for screening amniotic fluid for neural tube defects and defects of the abdominal wall. Neither NSE nor S-100 assay alone proved to be superior for the detection of these cases in mid-trimester amniotic fluid. The S-100 assay, however, could give additional information in cases where AChE gel electrophoresis is not decisive; for example, in samples contaminated with blood.     

ABR反应器中COD/SO_4~(2-)值和硫酸盐负荷对SO_4~(2-)去除影响

利用厌氧折流板反应器,分别考察了反应器启动,及不同COD/SO42-比值和硫酸盐负荷对模拟废水中SO42-去除的影响。实验在(32±0.1)℃,pH为6.0⁶.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 5006.5的条件下连续运行。结果表明:ABR经过约90 d的启动驯化阶段后,进水硫酸盐及COD浓度分别为1 500 mg/L和3 000 mg/L,水力停留时间为12 h条件下,硫酸盐去除率达到了92%。固定COD/SO42-比值为2.5时,随着进水SO42-浓度的增加(1 500³ 500 mg/L),SO42-去除率逐渐下降,最低为60%,相反SO42-去除速率随着硫酸盐浓度的增加而增加,最大为7.98 kg(/m3.d);维持恒定的硫酸盐浓度(1 500 mg/L),逐渐缩短水力停留时间以提高反应器中硫酸盐负荷,SO42-去除率呈现先上升后下降的复杂变化趋势,当水力停留时间为6 h时,SO42-去除率达到最大;随着COD/SO42-比值的提高,硫酸盐去除能力增强,且反应体系对硫酸盐负荷的耐受能力也逐渐增强。     

Vulcan_(42)消解—原子荧光测定土壤和沉积物中的砷汞

建立了全自动样品处理系统Vulcan 42-原子荧光光度法测定土壤和沉积物中砷和汞的方法。准确称取0.2500 g样品,经Vulcan42全自动消解系统消解后,采用原子荧光光度计测定砷和汞的含量。运用该方法砷的检出限为0.11 mg/kg,回收率在96%¹01%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%101%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%⁴.5%之间;汞的检出限为0.003 mg/kg,回收率在90%4.5%之间;汞的检出限为0.003 mg/kg,回收率在90%¹08%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.5%108%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.5%⁴.7%之间。     

浅议轮胎企业有机废气排放因子

介绍了AP-42、GB27632—2011中轮胎企业有机废气污染物情况,并与轮胎企业有机废气污染物实测数据进行比较分析,探讨了有机废气的排放因子。结果表明轮胎企业有机废气主要来自于炼胶、硫化工序,排放主要污染物为颗粒物、二甲苯、非甲烷总烃和二硫化碳,排放因子可参照AP-42确定。     

SO2-4/TiO2光催化降解苯酚

以工业硫酸氧钛为原料水解制得SO42-/TiO2光催化剂,并以苯酚为目标降解物,考察了SO24-/TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明:随着SO42-/TiO2制备过程中焙烧温度的升高,其光催化活性逐渐增加,650℃焙烧获得的SO24-/TiO2的光催化活性最好,此后再升高温度会因催化剂中硫的挥发而下降;在确定苯酚原液初始浓度为50 mg/L条件下,SO42-/TiO2的光催化降解苯酚的最佳工艺条件为反应时间2 h、苯酚pH为7、催化剂用量1 g/L。XRD、SEM和FTIR的分析结果显示实验温度下制得的SO42-/TiO2均为锐钛型TiO2;其间掺杂的SO24-在TiO2表面分散性较好,没有聚集成大的颗粒;红外分析的结果初步判定低温(<550℃)焙烧制得的催化剂SO42-在TiO2表面是螯合双配位吸附,高温焙烧时(>550℃)SO42-在TiO2表面是桥式配位吸附。     

济南市道路扬尘排放因子估算及其影响因素研究

以济南城市道路为研究对象,采用美国环保署AP-42模型和方法,通过道路分类、优化布点、样品采集、实地观测和计算分析,获得道路粉尘负荷及四种类型道路扬尘的排放因子,探讨了排放因子的主要影响因素。结果表明,路面粉尘负荷随车流量增大而逐渐降低,城市城区路面粉尘负荷多小于城市外围路面,且外围道路路面粉尘负荷随时间和空间变化大;支路和次干道排放因子相对较小,快速路排放因子较高,主干道排放因子最高,其TSP、PM10、PM2.5排放因子分别高达25.239 3 g/VKT、4.731 1 g/VKT、0.597 2 g/VKT;排放因子随平均车重增加呈现逐渐增大趋势;同种类型道路排放因子均随道路粉尘负荷的增加而增加;次干道和快速路排放因子随车流量增大而减小。所获结论可为城市道路扬尘排放估算提供参考。     

Swedish environmental psychology

Environmental psychology research in Sweden is reviewed beginning with studies in the 1960s. The traditional main foci of the Swedish research are the visual perception of form, space, colour, and texture, the meaning of social and physical environments; and the effects of the indoor and outdoor ambient environment (noise, air quality and temperature). More recent research foci include environmental cognition (perceptual categorization, cognitive mapping, orientation, planning), affective reactions to the environment, and systems applications. It is concluded that the Swedish research is integrated with environmental psychology research in other countries in terms of a common data base and methodology, despite the fact that the problems investigated are to some extent national in tone. It is also pointed out that the Swedish research appears to have the potential of theoretical contributions to environmental psychology, which is badly needed within the field as a whole.     

Cost pass-through to higher ethanol blends at the pump: Evidence from Minnesota gas station data

We examine the pass-through of wholesale prices to retail prices in the market for E85, which contains 51%–83% ethanol, and in the much larger market for E10, which contains 10% ethanol. We use a panel dataset consisting of monthly observations from 2007 to March 2015 on wholesale and retail prices for 274 Minnesota gas stations that sell both E10 and E85. Consistent with prior research, the cumulative pass-through coefficient for E10 is 1.00 after one month. In contrast, the E85 market is sparse, and although pass-through increased over time, we estimate it to be only 0.53 statewide from 2012 to 2015. Pass-through is higher at stations with more local E85 competitors. In the Twin Cities, which has a high density of E85 stations, pass-through is nearly complete, but outside the Twin Cities slightly less than half the wholesale discount of E85, relative to E10, is passed on to the consumer.     

Can climate mitigation help the poor? Measuring impacts of the CDM in rural China

This study examines whether investment in climate change mitigation contributes to poverty alleviation. We investigate the impacts of the renewable energy-based clean development mechanism (RE-CDM) projects on rural communities in China. The impacts of RE-CDM projects are estimated by combining propensity score matching with the difference-in-differences approach. We found that the biomass-based CDM projects significantly contribute to income improvement and employment generation in rural communities in China. Our estimation results also reveal that wind energy-based CDM projects have the potential to increase income and the share of labor force in the primary industry in rural areas. These results suggest different channels through which renewable energy sources affect income.