新疆南疆部分地面饮用水的致突变性研究

饮用水的致突变性和潜在致癌危害是环境科学研究的重要内容,新疆南疆地区,除少数城市居民饮用自来水外,绝大多数农垦、牧区均以当地的河水、泉水和涝坝水等地面水为主要的饮用水源。为了解这些饮用水的致突变和潜在致癌危害,我们特在枯水季节,从具有代表性的塔什库尔干县某地的泉水(下称泉水)、河水(下称河水)、疏勒县城的深井     

蚕豆SCE检测环境诱变剂的方法学研究

通过大量探索性试验,对蚕豆根尖细胞ＳＣＥ的Ｂｒｄｕ－Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ法的试验条件,如Ｂｒｄｕ浓度、Ｂｒｄｕ标记时间及其长短、稀酸水解浓度、时间和温度等对分色的影响进行了详尽的研究,获得了最佳的实验条件及程序、克服了ＳＣＥ研究沿用的ＦＰＧ法程序复杂,难以普及的缺点。此外,还用其他遗传毒理学民本方法进行了比较研究,探索利用该技术检测环境诱变因素的可能性。     

综合评定苯并（a）芘低浓度污染有毒危险性的研究

在细胞遗传损伤和免疫功能综合指标中,观察对苯并（a）芘（BaP）敏感并适用于人群检测的指标。结果显示外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换（SCE）率与尿中BaP含量呈正相关;并在BP低于10μg/100M³的接触人群中观察到SCE率增高;血清IgG和补体C³与血中BaP含量呈负相关。以SCE率增高、IgG降低和尿中BaP负荷量增高综合评定BaP污染的有危毒险性有应用前景,饮用中华猕猴桃饮料,有助于SCE率增高的恢复和体内BaP的排出。     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic in vitro evaluation of ivermectin and its formulation ivomec® on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126™) cells

Genotoxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) and its commercial formulation ivomec® (IVM 1.0%) were studied on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126?) cells by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) while cytotoxicity was determined by cell-cycle progression (CCP), proliferative rate index (PRI), mitotic index (MI), 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and neutral red (NR) endpoints within a 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. While IVM and ivomec® did not markedly affect SCE frequencies, these agents induced DNA-strand breaks enhancing both slightly damaged and damaged cells at 25–50 and 5–50 µg mL^?1 IVM and ivomec®, respectively. Both compounds exerted a delay in CCP and reduction of PRI at 10 µg mL^?1. Cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations higher than 25 µg mL^?1. A marked reduction of about 98% and 94% of MI compared to controls was noted with 25 µg mL^?1 of IVM and ivomec®, respectively. NR and MTT assays revealed that both compounds induced a cell growth inhibition within the 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. Data indicated that IVM and ivomec® exert both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in insect cells in vitro, at least in A. albopictus larvae CCL-126? cells.     

White blood cell sister chromatid exchange among a sample of Thai subjects exposed to lead: Lead-induced genotoxicity

Epidemiological and experimental studies indicated that inorganic lead compounds are associated with increased risks of tumorigenesis. This study was aimed at determination for sister chromatid exchange (SCE), a marker for genotoxicity with correlation to lead blood levels in Thai exposed subjects. A total of 32 police (all males) were included into this study. The average (mean ± SD) blood lead in these police was 2.1 ± 1 µmol L^?1. The average SCE among the police with high blood lead was significant higher than those with low metal exposure. Data suggest that cytogenetic response to Pb is significantly different between the subjects with high versus low lead exposure. High exposure to lead seems related to high chromosome aberrations.     

煤沥青烟气对职业接触人群姐妹染色单体交换的影响

利用姐妹染色单体交换率（ＳＣＥ）的增加与否，作为细胞遗传毒理学的指标来评价一些理化因子的诱变性，是检测化学致突的方法之一，通过对某碳素厂接触生产性煤焦沥青烟气的工人人体外周血淋巴细胞ＳＣＥ观察表明，车间接触组工人ＳＣＥ明显高于非接触组工人（约１．６７倍）；在接触线组中，在者ＳＣＥ高于非吸烟者；同为吸烟者，接触组工人ＳＣＥ高于非接触组工人（约１．４８倍）。结果提示示煤焦沥青烟尘能引起工人ＳＣＥ的改变     

黄鳝染色体体外SCE检测系统的建立及对两种清洗剂的检测

姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)技术已在细胞生物学、细胞遗传学、环境毒理学、医学等领域得到了重视和应用。在检测环境诱变剂和致癌剂方面,SCE比染色体畸变敏感二百倍。 关于体外SCE检测系统的研究,除了较多地利用人外周血淋巴细胞和中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞作为SCE检测材料外,也开始利用各种生态环境中的动物。对鱼类SCE的研究,国外做过一些工作,但有关建立SCE检测系统的报道极少。国内有关     

电能有功功率测量的一种简便方法

介绍了SCE7755芯片的原理、结构,重点分析了利用SCE7755芯片实现三相有功功率测量的简单方法,给出了系统的工作原理、软硬件设计.     

NaCl对大麦的毒性试验

土壤盐渍化是全球农业面临的严重问题,大多数作物在盐渍条件下生长受到抑制［１］,但作物在盐渍环境中生长发育的机理尚未搞清．ＳＣＥ（ｓｉｓｔｅｒｃｈｒｏｍａｔｉｄｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ）是检测环境有害物质对动植物细胞ＤＮＡ损伤的灵敏指标［２～４］,我们在实验中...     

氟化物对工人淋巴细胞SCE的诱发

研究表明,磷肥生产中向空气排放的氟化氢和四氟化硅可诱发人血淋巴细胞SCE增高,可使细胞有丝分裂指数下降,使细胞分裂周期迟缓。随接触年限的增加,SCE频率提高。然而接触氟空气污染约10年左右,人体对氟损害所产生的适应机制能够显著降低氟对遗传物质所造成的损伤。吸烟可加重氟化物对SCE的诱发,且吸烟年限越长,这种效应就越显著。