驱动数据对流域水文模拟中不同结果要素的影响

流域水循环中各要素之间高度的非线性关系,使得驱动数据对模拟结果的影响研究变得复杂。结合站点实测和遥感的降水、温度和潜在蒸散发驱动数据,构建了叶尔羌河流域的8个MIKE SHE模型;根据方差分析模型（ANOVA）对模型“输入”与“输出”之间显著性影响检验的结果,以积融雪过程为例,剖析了驱动数据影响的具体表现。结果表明：相比站点数据,TRMM降水驱动的模型导致积雪输出的空间分布差异性更加明显;MODIS温度数据驱动的模型导致了中低山区的永久性薄层积雪覆盖更广,而高山区的储雪量更少;遥感蒸散发驱动的模型在积雪模拟方面并无显著差异。ANOVA对水文系统中要素之间的显著性假设检验,可为明晰驱动数据对水文过程的具体影响方式提供重要前提。     

Sensitivity of Stream flow and Water Table Depth to Potential Climatic Variability in a Coastal Forested Watershed1

Dai, Zhaohua, Carl C. Trettin, Changsheng Li, Devendra M. Amatya, Ge Sun, and Harbin Li, 2010. Sensitivity of Streamflow and Water Table Depth to Potential Climatic Variability in a Coastal Forested Watershed. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1–13. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00474.x Abstract: A physically based distributed hydrological model, MIKE SHE, was used to evaluate the effects of altered temperature and precipitation regimes on the streamflow and water table in a forested watershed on the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain. The model calibration and validation against both streamflow and water table depth showed that the MIKE SHE was applicable for predicting the streamflow and water table dynamics for this watershed with an acceptable model efficiency (E > 0.5 for daily streamflow and >0.75 for monthly streamflow). The simulation results from changing temperature and precipitation scenarios indicate that climate change influences both streamflow and water table in the forested watershed. Compared to current climate conditions, the annual average streamflow increased or decreased by 2.4% with one percentage increase or decrease in precipitation; a quadratic polynomial relationship between changes in water table depth (cm) and precipitation (%) was found. The annual average water table depth and annual average streamflow linearly decreased with an increase in temperature within the range of temperature change scenarios (0-6°C). The simulation results from the potential climate change scenarios indicate that future climate change will substantially impact the hydrological regime of upland and wetland forests on the coastal plain with corresponding implications to altered ecosystem functions that are dependent on water.     

Evaluation of the MIKE SHE Model for Application in the Loess Plateau,China1

Abstract: Quantifying the hydrologic responses to land use/land cover change and climate variability is essential for integrated sustainable watershed management in water limited regions such as the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China where an adaptive watershed management approach is being implemented. Traditional empirical modeling approach to quantifying the accumulated hydrologic effects of watershed management is limited due to its complex nature of soil and water conservation practices (e.g., biological, structural, and agricultural measures) in the region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the distributed hydrologic model, MIKE SHE to simulate basin runoff. Streamflow data measured from an overland flow‐dominant watershed (12 km²) in northwestern China were used for model evaluation. Model calibration and validation suggested that the model could capture the dominant runoff process of the small watershed. We found that the physically based model required calibration at appropriate scales and estimated model parameters were influenced by both temporal and spatial scales of input data. We concluded that the model was useful for understanding the rainfall‐runoff mechanisms. However, more measured data with higher temporal resolution are needed to further test the model for regional applications.     

微囊藻粗毒素对叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞的二阶段促癌作用研究

应用体外叙利亚金黄鼠胚胎细胞（SHE）二阶段恶性转化试验,村由太湖水中提取的微囊藻粗毒素（MRT）的促癌作用进行了研究。结果表明,微囊藻粗毒素可明显增强由低剂量3－甲基胆蒽（MCA）启动的细胞恶性转化作用,所形成的转化率明最高于阴性对照组（P0＜0.01）,并呈良好的剂量反应关系,但用微囊藻粗毒素作启动剂,以典型的促癌剂豆蔻酸乙酸大戟二萜醇酯（TPA）促进后未见恶性转化率升高。提示微囊藻粗毒素可能是环境中一种新的促癌剂,是饮致癌的重要因素之一。     

Effects of cadmium and chlordane on cellular apoptosis in ecotoxicological test species

Cadmium and chlordane are compounds chosen for a preliminary study on the impact of environmental contaminants on apoptosis in different representative species. These two potentially toxic substances decrease in vitro apoptosis of Daphnia magna cells. This appears to be related to the chemical concentrations and the time exposure. Cadmium was also directly introduced to the cell culture medium of Syrian hamster embryos (SHE) or indirectly via daphnids, which had firstly consumed algae contaminated with cadmium. A very sharp transfer of cadmium toxicity from algae to daphnids is noted and an inhibition of the apoptosis in SHE cells can be observed.     

欧洲化工企业SHE评估与本质安全设计

2007年10月欧洲某跨国集团委托中国石化安全工程研究院对国内合资企业某化工项目进行安全评价,项目共18套装置,其中10套装置的工艺在国内首次采用,同时,该工艺技术又属欧洲某跨国集团的专有技术,国内没有详实的相关技术资料。为搞好评价工作,了解欧洲化工企业生产装置的设计、运行情况,了解欧洲的本质安全设计,学习欧洲化工企业的安全管理模式、理念,安全工程研究院于2008年初专门组团赴欧洲该集团总部实地技术考察。     

基于MIKE耦合模型的入河污染模拟与控制效能研究

为解决沙河水库流域河道水质差、水环境退化等问题,以主要超标污染物CODCr、NH3-N和TP为指标,应用MIKE 11、MIKE SHE及ECO Lab构建流域水文水动力及水质耦合模型,探究污染物的迁移转化规律,并进一步评估不同控制措施下的河道水质改善效能.研究表明:耦合模型在研究区具有良好的适应性,水动力模拟精度良好...