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排序方式: 共有56条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Mark S. Reed Anil Graves Norman Dandy Helena Posthumus Klaus Hubacek Joe Morris Christina Prell Claire H. Quinn Lindsay C. Stringer 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Stakeholder analysis means many things to different people. Various methods and approaches have been developed in different fields for different purposes, leading to confusion over the concept and practice of stakeholder analysis. This paper asks how and why stakeholder analysis should be conducted for participatory natural resource management research. This is achieved by reviewing the development of stakeholder analysis in business management, development and natural resource management. The normative and instrumental theoretical basis for stakeholder analysis is discussed, and a stakeholder analysis typology is proposed. This consists of methods for: i) identifying stakeholders; ii) differentiating between and categorising stakeholders; and iii) investigating relationships between stakeholders. The range of methods that can be used to carry out each type of analysis is reviewed. These methods and approaches are then illustrated through a series of case studies funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU) programme. These case studies show the wide range of participatory and non-participatory methods that can be used, and discuss some of the challenges and limitations of existing methods for stakeholder analysis. The case studies also propose new tools and combinations of methods that can more effectively identify and categorise stakeholders and help understand their inter-relationships. 相似文献
2.
Four different methods of epiphytic lichen mapping were used for the assessment of air quality in the region under the influence of the Sostanj Thermal Power Plant (Salek Valley, Slovenia). Three methods were based on the presence of different lichen species (VDI, EU and ICP-Forest), the fourth on a frequency and coverage assessment of different growth forms of epiphytic lichens, e.g. crustose, foliose and fruticose (SI). A comparison of the results from the assessment of air quality between forest sites (ICP-Forest, SI) and open areas (VDI, EU and SI), obtained by the different methods of epiphytic lichen mapping, is presented in the contribution. Data showed that lichen species richness is worse in forest sites in comparison with open areas. From the data obtained it can be concluded that epiphytic lichen mapping in open areas is a better method for the assessment of air pollution in a given area than mapping in forest sites. The species-based methods in open areas are more powerful and useful for air quality assessment in polluted research areas than the SI and ICP-Forest methods. 相似文献
3.
J. F. Copplestone 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):683-688
Abstract The importance of field surveys to provide data on acute pesticide hazards is discussed. The types of questions which small field surveys of pesticide exposure should answer are presented. In addition to protective clothing, the value of distance, time, and personal hygiene in reducing exposure are considered. Finally, the importance of an adequate data base for the development of protocols and guidelines for public protection is discussed. 相似文献
4.
青龙满族自治县被列为河北省桃林口水库上游重点治理区,境内大量“四荒”资源闲置浪费。该县立足县情,制定优惠政策,强化管理,因地制宜地开发这些资源,取得显著成效,其做法值得推广和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
Preparation and implementation of seven ecological compensation plans for Dutch highways 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
First-generation compensation plans (CPs) for Dutch highway projects have been evaluated with respect to implementation of
the compensation principle (1993), which aims to counterbalance the adverse ecological impacts of large-scale development
projects. Decision-making on the seven projects took place between 1993 and 1995. Specifically, we considered: (a) the processes
employed to prepare and implement the compensation plans; (b) the methods used to identify, plan, and execute the compensation
measures; and (c) the results yielded by these methods. We conclude that the CPs were prepared fairly uniformly, particularly
in terms of the processes and methodologies used to derive compensation measures. Five of the seven CPs had become operational
by 2001 and initial experience is now being gained on land acquisition and transfer of compensation sites to nature conservation
trusts. Further progress of CPs is likely to be seriously hampered by growing demand for land for development in general and
associated increases in real estate prices. Several problems are addressed and recommendations made with respect to: (a) developing
a legal basis for the compensation principle; (b) the relationship with re-allotment projects; (c) estimation of compensation
costs; (d) an annual bias of CP budgets to account for rising costs; (e) contingency measures; and (f) criteria for CP (ex-post)
evaluation. 相似文献
6.
7.
近十年水中硫化物测定方法的进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
评述了1985~1996年间报道的水中硫化物方法概况,内容包括:水样的预处理方法,水样测定的分光光度法,电化学法,原子吸收光谱以及其他分析方法等。 相似文献
8.
9.
Thomas Hruby 《Environmental management》1999,23(1):75-85
/ Many methods have been developed over the last two decades to provide information about wetland functions, but there has been little discussion of the models and algorithms used. Methods for generating information about wetlands were analyzed to understand their similarities, differences, and the type of information provided. Methods can first be grouped by the type of information they provide-classifications, characterizations, ratings, assessments, and evaluations. Methods that characterize, rate, or assess wetlands may generate information using one of two conceptual approaches-logic and mechanistic. Most methods that generate a numeric assessment of performance or value of wetland functions rely on the mechanistic approach to constructing models. Rapid assessment methods based on mechanistic models, however, do not assess the rates or dynamics of ecological processes occurring in wetlands. Rather, they provide a clear and concise way of organizing our current, and often subjective, knowledge about wetland functions. This is one limitation of current methods that is often misunderstood both by wetland managers and the scientific community. The advantages and limitations of the assumptions and the computational elements inherent in these approaches are discussed to provide wetland managers and regulators a better understanding of the information they are using. KEY WORDS: Wetlands; Functions; Assessment; Models; Methods 相似文献
10.