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排序方式: 共有118条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yongjiao Xiong Xiangfeng Huang Bin Lu Baoqiang Wu Lijun Lu Jia Liu Kaiming Peng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):80-89
Waste cutting emulsions are difficult to treat efficiently owing to their complex composition and stable emulsified structure. As an important treatment method for emulsions, chemical demulsification is faced with challenges such as low flocs–water separation rates and high sludge production. Hence, in this study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to enhance chemical demulsification performance for treating waste cutting emulsions under a magnetic field. The addition of MNPs significantly decreased the time required to attain sludge–water separation and sludge compression equilibrium, from 210 to 20 min. In addition, the volume percentage of sludge produced at the equilibrium state was reduced from 45% to 10%. This excellent flocculation–separation performance was stable over a pH range of 3–11. The magnetization of the flocculants and oil droplets to form a flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composite, and the magnetic transfer of the composite were two key processes that enhanced the separation of cutting emulsions. Specifically, the interactions among MNPs, flocculants, and oil droplets were important in the magnetization process, which was controlled by the structures and properties of the three components. Under the magnetic field, the magnetized flocculant–MNP–oil droplet composites were considerably accelerated and separated from water, and the sludge was simultaneously compressed. Thus, this study expands the applicability of magnetic separation techniques in the treatment of complex waste cutting emulsions. 相似文献
2.
Peng Du Jianguo Liu Huaqiao Gui Jiaoshi Zhang Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yin Cheng Yihuai Lu Yawei Yao Qiang Fu ChihChieh Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):238-249
PM_(2.5) separator directly affects the accuracy of PM_(2.5) sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM_(2.5) separator is particularly important,especially under China's wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM_(2.5) separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R~2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within ± 1.0% in the range of -40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112) were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50% cutoff sizes(D_(50)) of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44 μm when worked at the manufacturer's recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD) of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD = 1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD = 1.2 ± 0.1) with a GSD = 1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D_(50),while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test. 相似文献
3.
The degradation of plastic debris may result in the generation of nanoplastics (NPs). Their high specific surface area for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals and possible transfer between organisms at different nutrient levels make the study of NPs an urgent priority. However, there is very limited understanding on the occurrence, distribution, abundant, and fate of NPs in the environment, partially due to the lack of suitable techniques for the separation and identification of NPs from complex environmental matrices. In this review, we first overviewed the state-of-the-art methods for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of NPs in the environment. Some of them have been successfully applied for the field determination of NPs, while some are borrowed from the detection of microplastics or engineered nanomaterials. Then the possible fate and transport of NPs in the environment are thoroughly described. Although great efforts have been made during the recent years, large knowledge gaps still exist, such as the relatively high detection limit of existing method failing to detect ultralow masses of NPs in the environment, and spherical polystyrene NP models failing to represent the various compositions of NPs with different irregular shapes, which needs further investigation. 相似文献
4.
司志远 《环境监测管理与技术》1995,7(4):13-17
综述了预富集技术在无机痕量分析中的应用,概述了国内外最新进展,介绍了主要技术及方法的特点,大量文献表明预富集技术用于痕量分析取得满意的效果,降低了检测限,提高了灵敏度。 相似文献
5.
6.
在扬州某皮革厂原有的废水处理设施基础上,采用浓淡分流,药剂调整等方法。对其物化处理部分进行整改。结果表明,用Fe2SO4作混凝剂处理浓废水及用复合混凝剂处理淡废水,效果较好。处理后,可减少排放废水CODcr约1252t/a。处理成本从原来的4.03元/t降到1.30元/t。同时,降低了加药量的控制难度与加药频率,减轻了工人的劳动强度。 相似文献
7.
膜法水处理技术及研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了反渗透、微滤、超滤、纳滤、渗透蒸发、液膜等几种常见膜技术的应用现状及进展情况 ,主要对反渗透膜的原理、流程、存在的问题及开发和利用情况进行了介绍。简单概括了近年发展起来的双极膜等新膜分离技术的开发研究。展望了膜分离技术的前景 相似文献
8.
Liu Fuqiang Xia Mingfang Fei Zhenghao Chen Jinlong Li Aimin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(1):73-78
Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate
the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms
onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations
whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended
on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally,
the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic
acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic
acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction
between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In
conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the
existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes
in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99.
Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治] 相似文献
9.
城市垃圾污染防治对策探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从城市拉圾产生的机制入手,分析了城市垃圾污染产生的原因,并对目前所采取的主要处理方法人季简要评述,在此基础提出了实现城市垃圾最小量化,推动垃圾资源化产业、提高垃圾无害化处理水平,中化监督管理等几点城市垃圾污染防治的对策。 相似文献
10.
报道了胡椒基丁醚生产中5-丙基-1,3-苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化的废水处理,该废水经蒸馏可回收94%的盐酸,此酸吸收氯化氢后浓度在36%以上,可再用于氯甲基化反应。蒸馏残液经分油、Fenton试剂处理和五次生炭柱吸附后CODCr等项指标均可国家二类污染物的一级排放标准。 相似文献