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1.
Catastrophic disasters like earthquake and flood cause widespread destruction and financial devastation. This has brought disaster management into limelight making it a burgeoning academic research field. The remarkable rise of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has instigated the scientific world to incorporate these technologies in disaster management. This study presents scientometric analysis to identify the status quo of research on the management of various disasters and role of ICT in it. This paper uses bibliographic data retrieved from Scopus for the observation period from 2011 to 2018. We provide extensive insights into growth of publications, citation pattern and their connectedness with other subject disciplines. Furthermore, we identify most productive and influential countries, institutes and journals. Our study analyses co-occurrence of keywords using Visualization of Similarities (VOS) Viewer. This structured overview will enhance the understanding of this field leading to more focussed and purposeful research. 相似文献
2.
本文研究了植稻前淹水时间长短对土壤物理性质和粘闭作用的影响。结果表明,淹水可以显著地降低土壤强度,但土壤抗穿透力并不随淹水时间的延长而进一步明显下降;延长淹水时间,可以促进土壤粉粒和粘粒的分散,但土壤粘闭胼形成的有效粘闭层厚度以及粘闭后表层土壤强度的降低、主要受所使用的粘闭机具的影响,而与淹水时间的长短无关。因此,过分地延长淹水时间的措施,在生产实践上的意义并不大。 相似文献
3.
Christian Fuchs 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(3):291-309
This paper discusses the relationship of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) and sustainable development.
It deconstructs popular myths about a sustainable information society. One myth is that telework has reduced the need to travel
and hence environmental pollution. The reality is that teleworkers make up only a small share of the total workforce, telework
can generate new social relationships and hence the need for more travelling, work-related travel produces only a small amount
of the total carbon dioxide emissions, and that the total distance travelled per employee is constantly rising. Another myth
is that information economy is weightless and dematerialized which reduces environmental impacts. The energy and resource
intensities of the ICT sector are indeed lower than the one of the total economy. The ICT sector also emits less CO2 than the total economy. But the ICT sector constitutes only a small portion of the total value added and fossil fuel combustion
is still the dominant activity of modern industrial economies. Some stakeholders argue that virtual products allow resource,
energy, and transport savings. But burning digital music on compact discs and DVDs, printing digital articles and books, etc.
results in rebound effects that cause new material and energy impacts, computers have a low life span of 2–3 years, reusable
and upgradeable computers and computer equipment are hardly used and might not be as profitable as non-reusable ones, computers
are consuming much energy. Alternatives such as energy consumption labels on ICTs and green ICTs that consume less energy
contradict dominant economic interests. A sustainable information society is a society that makes use of ICTs and knowledge
for fostering a good life for all human beings of current and future generations by strengthening biological diversity, technological
usability, economic wealth for all, political participation of all, and cultural wisdom. Achieving a sustainable information
society costs, it demands a conscious reduction of profits by not investing in the future of capital, but the future of humans,
society, and nature. 相似文献
4.
Gabriela P. Mendes Vivian M.A. Magalhães Lélia C.R. Soares Rayanne M. Aranh Claudio A.O. Nascimento Marilda M.G.R. Viann Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):67-77
Chemical oxidation was applied to an artificially contaminated soil with naphthalene (NAP). Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. The importance of the air phase analysis was emphasized by demonstrating how NAP behaves in a sealed system over a 4 hr reaction period. Design of Experiments method was applied to the following variables: sodium persulfate concentration [SP], ferrous sulfate concentration [FeSO4], and pH. The system operated with a prefixed solid to liquid ratio of 1:2. The following conditions resulted in optimum NAP removal [SP] = 18.37 g/L, [FeSO4] = 4.25 g/L and pH = 3.00. At the end of the 4 hr reaction, 62% of NAP was degraded. In the soil phase, the chemical oxidation reduced the NAP concentration thus achieving levels which comply with Brazilian and USA environmental legislations. Besides the NAP partitioning view, the monitoring of each phase allowed the variabilities assessment over the process, refining the knowledge of mass reduction. Based on NAP distribution in the system, this study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the presence of semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in the air phase during remediation, so that there is greater control of the system as to the distribution and presence of the contaminant in the environment. The results highlight the importance of treating the contaminant in all its phases at the contaminated site. 相似文献
5.
Electrotrophs are microbes that can receive electrons directly from cathode in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). They not only participate in organic biosynthesis, but also be crucial in cathode-based bioremediation. However, little is known about the electrotrophic community in paddy soils. Here, the putative electrotrophs were enriched by cathodes of MECs constructed from five paddy soils with various properties using bicarbonate as an electron acceptor, and identified by 16S rRNA-gene based Illumina sequencing. The electrons were gradually consumed on the cathodes, and 25%–45% of which were recovered to reduce bicarbonate to acetic acid during MEC operation. Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum on the cathodes, and Bacillus genus within this phylum was greatly enriched and was the most abundant population among the detected putative electrotrophs for almost all soils. Furthermore, several other members of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria may also participate in electrotrophic process in different soils. Soil pH, amorphous iron and electrical conductivity significantly influenced the putative electrotrophic bacterial community, which explained about 33.5% of the community structural variation. This study provides a basis for understanding the microbial diversity of putative electrotrophs in paddy soils, and highlights the importance of soil properties in shaping the community of putative electrotrophs. 相似文献
6.
Based on density functional theory (DFT) and basic structure models, the chemical reactions on the surface of vanadium-titanium based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification catalysts were summarized. Reasonable structural models (non-periodic and periodic structural models) are the basis of density functional calculations. A periodic structure model was more appropriate to represent the catalyst surface, and its theoretical calculation results were more comparable with the experimental results than a non-periodic model. It is generally believed that the SCR mechanism where NH3 and NO react to produce N2 and H2O follows an Eley-Rideal type mechanism. NH2NO was found to be an important intermediate in the SCR reaction, with multiple production routes. Simultaneously, the effects of H2O, SO2 and metal on SCR catalysts were also summarized. 相似文献
7.
Anna-Lena Grün Susanne Straskrab Stefanie Schulz Michael Schloter Christoph Emmerling 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):12-22
The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1?mg?AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited. However, after one year of exposure to 0.01?mg?AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass (quantified by extractable DNA; p?=?0.000) and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (quantified by amoA gene copy numbers; p?=?0.009). Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity (quantified by substrate turnover; p?=?0.014), and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms (quantified by nifH gene copy numbers; p?=?0.001). The results of the positive control with AgNO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag+ ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag+ ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment. 相似文献
8.
中国水环境的NPSP问题及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了我国水环境中的非点源污染(NonpointSourcepollution,缩写为NPSP)的情况,强调农业生产是最主要的非点源污染。同时,针对我国水污染防治的政策目标,提出一些建议。 相似文献
9.
10.
几种土壤质量评价方法的比较 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
分别用T值分级法,综合指数法,模糊数学综合评判法,灰色聚类法,等斜率灰色聚类法,宽域灰色聚类法对湖南某地10个监测点的土壤质量现状进行评价,通过比较,认为宽域灰色聚类法较好。 相似文献