Quantification and reduction of erroneous differences between images in remote sensing

The reliability of image data, along with the difficulty of accurately comparing images acquired at different times or from different sensors, is a generic problem in remote sensing. Measurement repeatability errors occur frequently and can substantially reduce the system’s ability to reliably quantify real spectral and spatial change in a target. This paper outlines methodologies for quantifying and reducing erroneous differences between monochrome and multispectral or hyperspectral images. [Each of these image types is acquired by an instrument that collects light photons across a variable range of the electromagnetic spectrum (often referred to as an image band). The hyperspectral image is often referred to as a hyperspectral cube with XY spatial dimensions and many Z bands (spectral demotions)]. In this paper, we specifically discuss the Pixel Block Transform (PBT), the Spectral Averaging Transform (SAT), and the Wavelet Transform (WAVEL). We briefly address sensor fusion. Results indicate that the PBT is a powerful cross-noise and repeatability error reducing tool, applicable to monochrome, multispectral, and hyperspectral images. The SAT is as powerful as the PBT in reducing error but is suitable only for hyperspectral imagery. WAVEL can reduce some of the finer scale noise, but it is not as powerful in reducing cross-noise as PBT or SAT and it requires some trial and error for selecting the appropriate wavelet function. It is important that those involved in developing statistically sound relationships between remotely sensed imagery and other data sources understand the problems and their solutions to prevent wasting time or developing relationships that are statistically insignificant or unstable, or that lead to faulty conclusions.     

我厂工业废水处理及闭路循环与生产工艺的改造

阐述了我厂生产工艺及污水治理的思路.取消黄血盐工序,上PT水处理装置,将改善我厂的生产管理和技术经济指标,具有不可估量的环境效益和社会效益.     

煤磨收粉系统的改造

武钢炼铁厂10t/h煤磨系统四套,采用三级除尘(旋风、多管与袋式除尘)和两级风机(排粉机与抽风机)的收尘系统。能耗高、尾气排放超标、故障率高、安全性能差。于1993～1996年相继对四套系统进行改造,获得令人满意的效果,实现节能、降耗、增产、安全生产,达到环保标准。     

海啸波近岸共振响应的数值模拟及分析

应用有限差分方法求解非线性浅水长波方程,建立了海啸波产生和传播的二维数值模型;对太平洋地震引起的夏威夷群岛海啸波进行模拟,并将模拟结果和测站实测值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。利用快速傅里叶变换对数值模拟结果进行谱分析,得到整个计算区域的能量谱分布,并给出了发生能量聚集的位置及相应的谱峰周期。讨论了海啸波传播到近岸时可能产生的共振响应现象,发现海啸波和近岸的共振响应不仅与近岸复杂地形有关,还与海啸波传播到近岸时的波浪入射方向有关。     

鱼粉行业恶臭污染物产生与成分分析探讨

针对目前鱼粉行业废气污染严重、排放量大、成分复杂的特性和测定难度较大、监测准确度较低等实际情况,采用实际监测数据,利用傅立叶红外光谱分析仪,有针对性地对鱼粉生产过程中及采取治理措施后恶臭污染物的排放进行了现场连续监测,得到了全面的监测数据。     

Pyrolysis behaviors of oil sludge based on TG/FTIR and PY-GC/MS

Pyrolysis is an alternative technology for oil sludge treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were employed to investigate the pyrolysis process and products of oil sludge. The pyrolysis process was divided into five stages: drying and gas desorption, oil volatilization, main pyrolysis, semi-coke charring, and mineral decomposition. The main reaction temperatures ranged from 497.6 K to 753.2 K. The products were mainly composed of pairs of alkane and alkene (carbon number ranges from 1 to 27). The mechanisms consisted of random chain scission followed by end chain scission at high temperatures with volatilization occurring during the whole process. This study is useful not only for the proper design of a pyrolysis system, but also for improving the utilization of liquid oil products.     

压力脉冲波法复杂天然气管道堵塞检测实验研究*

为了解决复杂天然气管道堵塞定位难题,快速定位出堵塞位置,提出利用压力脉冲波法检测复杂管道堵塞。改造搭建长18.1 m、包含17个三通结构的压力波堵塞检测实验台,进行不同堵塞率以及气液混输管道的堵塞定位实验。结果表明:管道三通会引起频率范围为150~200 Hz的高频反射波,利用FFT谐波变换方法可以有效地对原始信号进行滤波分析,更利于对堵塞定位分析。在堵塞率100%时,定位误差为1.07%;在堵塞率50%时,定位误差最大,达到1.93%;对于含液率8%的气液混输管道,100%堵塞时,定位误差为0.48%。研究结果有效地证实了压力脉冲法检测复杂输运管道堵塞的可行性,可为该方法的现场应用提供指导和数据支撑。     

液化石油气站装卸连接装置改造的安全隐患分析

针对目前液化石油气站内装卸软管已强制要求改装为液体装卸臂的现状,本文梳理了原质监部门和安监部门对液化石油气站内装卸连接装置的不同要求,对在用液体装卸臂改造存在的安全隐患和后续的监管问题进行了分析,并对液体装卸臂的改造和监管提出了几点建议.     

隧道掘进爆破振动对围岩影响的HHT分析

为了探究隧道掘进爆破振动信号在围岩等级改变处的传播衰减特性,以新建铁路北京至沈阳客运专线（辽宁段）TJ-1标三棱山隧道为工程背景,采用理论分析与现场试验相结合的方法,基于TC-4850监测试验数据,对爆破质点振速时程曲线进行EMD分解和Hilbert变换。依据测点3个方向的边际谱和瞬时能量谱,分析爆破振动能量在时域和频域的分布规律,进而可以得出各频带的能量百分比以及总能量与距离的关系曲线。通过分析地震波信号沿隧道围岩传播衰减性质可以得出:爆破振动能量在频域上分布具有各向异性,而且在垂直方向上具有数量比例高、所占频带低的特点;隧道掘进爆破振动总能量在围岩等级改变处出现“断崖式”衰减,且在Ⅳ级围岩中相对衰减率更高,衰减更为迅速。     

杭钢电炉厂除尘器改造探索

分析了杭钢电炉厂除尘器运行中出现的问题,对原设计进行了改造,并达到了改造效果。