转基因生物风险评价的实践与发展

随着生物技术的迅猛发展和转基因生物的应用 ,转基因生物对生态环境、人和动物的健康以及非目标生物的影响成为世界关注的焦点。对转基因生物进行风险评估 ,是防止基因转化的随意性 ,对有害基因产品实施有效监控的重要环节。本文介绍了国内外转基因生物风险评价开展的情况以及相关的概念、内容、范围和方法 ,提出了在我国开展转基因生物风险评价的建议。     

植物修复的促进措施及根际微生物的作用

目前研究表明,植物修复(Phytoremediation)技术在实际重金属污染土壤的修复中还存在一些不足之处,例如植物生物量较小、生长缓慢、土壤重金属生物有效性较低等。为了使植物修复成为一个可行的环境修复技术,国内外的许多研究表明可以通过一些促进措施来提高植物修复的修复效率;同时发现根际微生物在植物修复过程中发挥着一定的作用。本文着重评述杂交育种(Hybridization)技术、转基因(Transgenic Engineering)技术、螯合剂(Chelator)在植物修复中的应用,以及细菌、菌根真菌根际微生物(Rhizomicrobes)在植物修复过程中的作用。     

碱性气体对鼠卵营养液M16和M2pH的影响

为了考察原核显微注射法制备转基因小鼠过程中Ｍ１６和Ｍ２鼠卵营养液的ＰＨ的影响因素,测定了不同存放条件下的Ｍ２和Ｍ１６营养液的ＰＨ,结果发现,Ｍ２ 完全开放的空气环境中放置７ｈ,ＰＨ升高２．６％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实验环境中放置４ｄ,ＰＨ升高３．７％（Ｐ〈０．００１）;Ｍ１６在相对密闭的条件下放置７ｄ和１５ｄ,ＰＨ分别升高４．５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）和６．４％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,在半封闭的实     

Elevated atmospheric ozone increases concentration of insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac protein in Bt Brassica napus and reduces feeding of a Bt target herbivore on the non-transgenic parent

Sustained cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops requires stable transgene expression under variable abiotic conditions. We studied the interactions of Bt toxin production and chronic ozone exposure in Bt cry1Ac-transgenic oilseed rape and found that the insect resistance trait is robust under ozone elevations. Bt Cry1Ac concentrations were higher in the leaves of Bt oilseed rape grown under elevated ozone compared to control treatment, measured either per leaf fresh weight or per total soluble protein of leaves. The mean relative growth rate of a Bt target herbivore, Plutella xylostella L. larvae was negative on Bt plants in all ozone treatments. On the non-transgenic plants, larval feeding damage was reduced under elevated ozone. Our results indicate the need for monitoring fluctuations in Bt toxin concentrations to reveal the potential of ozone exposure for altering dosing of Bt proteins to target and non-target herbivores in field environments experiencing increasing ozone pollution.     

转小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因聚球藻7002净化重金属废水的研究

以转小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因(mMT-I)聚球藻7002为对象,研究了其在含Cd2 、Pb2 和Hg2 的培养基中的生长特性及其对重金属的净化性能.结果表明,无论从生长速率还是对重金属的耐受特性来看,转 m MT-Ⅰ聚球藻7002均明显优于野生藻;随着培养进程的延续和细胞浓度逐渐提高,体系中Cd2 、pb2 和Hg2 的浓度逐渐降低,降幅最大的时间约在试验开始后1-3 d左右;经3 d培养,转mMT-Ⅰ聚球藻细胞对Cd2 、pb2 和Hg2 的净化率分别为63.90%、65.99%和96.27%,吸附量分别为10.75、58.89和112.61 mg·g-1,而野生聚球藻的吸附量分别为3.40、27.01和1.12 mg·g-1,前者分别是后者的3.16、2.18和100.45倍;并建立了操作时间和细胞浓度对净化率的单因子模型,以及总括动力学模型方程,模型对实验结果拟合良好.     

The Fate of the Recombinant DNA in Corn During Composting

Abstract

In order to make regulations that safeguard food and the environment, an understanding of the fate of transgenes from genetically modified (GM) plants is of crucial importance. A compost experiment including mature transgenic corn plants and seeds of event Bt 176 (Zea mays L.) was conducted to trace the fate of the transgene cryIA(b) during the period of composting. In bin 1, shredded corn plants including seeds were composted above a layer of cow manure and samples from the corn layer were collected at intervals during a 12-month period. The samples were tested for the transgene persistence and microbial counts and also the compost was monitored for temperature. In bin 2, piles of corn seeds, surrounded by sheep manure and straw, were composted for 12 months. A method combining nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern hybridization was developed for detection of the transgene in compost. The detection sensitivity was 200 copies of the transgene per gram of dry composted corn material. Composting commenced on day 0, and the transgene was detected in specimens from bin 1 on days 0 and 7 but not on day 14 or thereafter. The transgene in corn seeds was not detectable after 12 months of composting in bin 2. Temperatures in both bins rose to about 50°C within 2 weeks and remained above that temperature for about 3 months, even when the ambient temperature dropped below ?20°C. Extracts from compost were inoculated onto culture plates and then were incubated at 23 to 55°C. Within the first 2 weeks of composting in bin 1, the counts of bacteria incubated at 55°C increased from 3.5 to 7.5 log ₁₀, whereas those incubated at 23°C remained at about 7.5 log ₁₀. The counts of fungi incubated at 45°C increased slightly from 2.5 to 3.1 log₁₀, but those incubated at 23°C decreased from 6.3 to 3.0 log ₁₀. The rapid degradation of the transgene during composting of Bt corn plants suggested that the composting process could be used for safe disposal of transgenic plant wastes.     

转基因植物修复有机污染物的进展

生物修复技术主要利用某些植物特有的分解有毒有害物质的能力,去除环境中的污染物,从而达到净化环境的目的。利用转基因技术把微生物或真核生物中能有效降解有机污染物的基因导入植物中去,将会进一步提高生物修复的实际应用价值。本文主要综述了近年来转基因植物用于修复有机污染物的进展情况。     

转基因技术在植物修复重金属污染土壤研究中的新进展

综述了植物修复的相关机制及其进展和发展方向.随着一些功能基因的鉴定和分离,利用转基因技术提高植物对重金属的积累能力已取得了一些进展,开拓了植物修复的新领域.