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排序方式: 共有108条查询结果,搜索用时 29 毫秒
1.
Geochemical characteristics of surficial sediments in the Panangad region of Cochin estuary, the largest brackish-water humid ecosystem in the south-west coast of India, were analysed. Temporal variations in nutrient stoichiometry, seasonal characteristics of redox elements Fe and S, and the phosphorus geochemistry were employed for the purpose. The stoichiometric analysis pointed towards autochthonous origin of organic matter, possibility of nitrogen limitation, and allochthonous modification of redox conditions. Seasonal variations were not statistically significant for all the geochemical parameters, whereas significant spatial variations were observed with lower values at sandy stations, suggesting that the texture of the sediments is the main factor influencing the sediment geochemistry. Significant inter-relations between the geochemical parameters also suggest a common control mechanism. Based on these geochemical characteristics, the study region can be effectively categorized into two distinct zones, viz. (1) erosion and transportation and (2) deposition zones. 相似文献
2.
Clarisse Balland-Bolou-Bi Benjamin TurcVanessa Alphonse Noureddine Bousserrhine 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(6):122-130
Biodissolution experiments on cinnabar ore(mercury sulphide and other sulphide minerals,such as pyrite) were performed with microorganisms extracted directly from soil. These experiments were carried out in closed systems under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with 2 different soils sampled in French Guyana. The two main objectives of this study were(1) to quantify the ability of microorganisms to mobilize metals(Fe, Al, Hg) during the dissolution of cinnabar ore, and(2) to identify the links between the type and chemical properties of soils, environmental parameters such as season and the strategies developed by indigenous microorganisms extracted from tropical natural soils to mobilize metals.Results indicate that microbial communities extracted directly from various soils are able to(1) survive in the presence of cinnabar ore, as indicated by consumption of carbon sources and,(2) leach Hg from cinnabar in oxic and anoxic dissolution experiments via the acidification of the medium and the production of low molecular mass organic acids(LMMOAs). The dissolution rate of cinnabar in aerobic conditions with microbial communities ranged from 4.8 × 10~(-4) to 2.6 × 10~(-3) μmol/m~2/day and was independent of the metabolites released by the microorganisms. In addition, these results suggest an indirect action by the microorganisms in the cinnabar dissolution. Additionally, because iron is a key element in the dynamics of Hg, microbes were stimulated by the presence of this metal,and microbes released LMMOAs that leached iron from iron-bearing minerals, such as pyrite and oxy-hydroxide of iron, in the mixed cinnabar ore. 相似文献
3.
Hg concentrations and related risk assessment in coral reef crustaceans, molluscs and fish from New Caledonia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chouvelon T Warnau M Churlaud C Bustamante P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):331-340
There is a dramatic lack of data on Hg levels in marine organisms from tropical areas, and in particular from New Caledonia. For the first time, this study reports the total Hg concentrations in the tissues of several marine taxa from the New Caledonian lagoon. Seafood from both wild and farmed populations was considered. Hg concentrations varied over three orders of magnitudes according to factors including species, age (size/weight), trophic level, lifestyle and geographical origin. Taking into account the edible tissues, estimations of the amount of flesh that should be consumed by a 60-kg person to reach the Hg Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) reveal acceptable risk for Human health in general. However, a risk was clearly identified in one site of the lagoon (i.e. Grande Rade) where high Hg concentrations were measured. These concentrations were higher than values reported in the current literature. 相似文献
4.
Baseline assessment for environmental services payments from satellite imagery: a case study from Costa Rica and Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kalacska M Sanchez-Azofeifa GA Rivard B Calvo-Alvarado JC Quesada M 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(2):348-359
In this study we evaluate the accuracy of four global and regional forest cover assessments (MODIS, IGBP, GLC2000, PROARCA) as tools for baseline estimation. We conduct this research at the national scale for Costa Rica and for two tropical dry forest study sites in Costa Rica (Santa Rosa) and Mexico (Chamela-Cuixmala). We found that at the national level, the total forest cover accuracy of the four land cover maps was inflated due to an overestimation of forest in areas with an evergreen canopy. However, the four maps greatly underestimated the extent of the deciduous forest (dry forest); an ecosystem that faces high deforestation pressure and poses complications to the mapping of its extent from remotely sensed data. For the tropical dry forest sites, all maps have low forest cover accuracies (mean for Santa Rosa: 27%; mean for Chamela-Cuixmala: 56%). This has implications for policy implementation. 相似文献
5.
Forest growth models are useful tools for investigating the long-term impacts of logging. In this paper, the results of the rain forest growth model FORMIND were assessed by a multicriteria decision analysis. The main processes covered by FORMIND include tree growth, mortality, regeneration and competition. Tree growth is calculated based on a carbon balance approach. Trees compete for light and space; dying large trees fall down and create gaps in the forest. Sixty-four different logging scenarios for an initially undisturbed forest stand at Deramakot (Malaysia) were simulated. The scenarios differ regarding the logging cycle, logging method, cutting limit and logging intensity. We characterise the impacts with four criteria describing the yield, canopy opening and changes in species composition. Multicriteria decision analysis was used for the first time to evaluate the scenarios and identify the efficient ones. Our results plainly show that reduced-impact logging scenarios are more 'efficient' than the others, since in these scenarios forest damage is minimised without significantly reducing yield. Nevertheless, there is a trade-off between yield and achieving a desired ecological state of logged forest; the ecological state of the logged forests can only be improved by reducing yields and enlarging the logging cycles. Our study also demonstrates that high cutting limits or low logging intensities cannot compensate for the high level of damage caused by conventional logging techniques. 相似文献
6.
Isoprene emission from tropical trees in Okinawa Island, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tambunan P Baba S Kuniyoshi A Iwasaki H Nakamura T Yamasaki H Oku H 《Chemosphere》2006,65(11):2138-2144
This study surveyed isoprene emission from 42 indigenous and exotic tropical trees in subtropic Okinawa, Japan. Of the 42 trees studied, 4 emitted isoprene at a rate in excess of 20 μg g−1 h−1, and 28 showed the rates of 1–10 μg g−1 h−1. The remainder emitted less than 1 μg g−1 h−1. The majority of trees in this study may therefore fall within the lower emitting species. However, species in Moraceae that is indigenous in Okinawa emitted isoprene at relatively higher rates with an average of 14.2 μg g−1 h−1. The highest emission rate of 107.1 μg g−1 h−1 for Ficus virgata yielded the area basis rate of 47.4 nmol m−2 s−1, which is almost equivalent to the rate of high emitting species. Furthermore, a linear relationship between light intensity and isoprene emission was noted with Ficus virgata up to 1700 μmol m−2 s−1. These findings may show the potential importance of subtropical areas as sources of isoprene to the atmosphere. 相似文献
7.
Song ranging by the dusky antbird,Cercomacra tyrannina: ranging without song learning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In a population of dusky antbirds (Cercomacra tyrannina), less aggressive responses to distance-degraded playbacks than to undegraded playbacks of pair duets show that this tropical
suboscine passerine uses sound degradation to range distance from singing conspecifics. This is the first example of song-ranging
in a species that does not learn songs, supporting the hypothesis that ranging preceded the song learning that occurs in more
recently evolved passerine birds (oscines). Both sexes sing and are able to use song degradation to range distance from singers
when their sex-specific song is played back.
Received: 27 May 1994/Accepted after revision: 24 March 1996 相似文献
8.
On the gains of committing to inefficiency: Corruption, deforestation and low land productivity in Latin America 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erwin H. Bulte Richard Damania Ramn Lpez 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2007,54(3):277-295
We present a new explanation and empirical evidence showing that rural subsidies to large farmers tend to be associated with low land productivity and excessive deforestation. We develop a lobbying model where wealthy farmers trade bribes or political contributions to government politicians in exchange for subsidies; farmers are able to tilt the terms of the bargaining game with policy makers in their favor by pre-committing to an inefficient choice of semi-fixed inputs. Government proneness to accept political contributions or bribes and its willingness to provide subsidies cause farmers to adopt inefficient modes of production as a mechanism to capture such subsidies. Our predictions are consistent with stylized facts on land use in Latin America, and suggest that subsidy schemes have been counterproductive—distorting and constraining development, and triggering excessive depletion of natural resources. We validate some of the predictions of the model through econometric analyses using a new data set for nine countries in Latin America. 相似文献
9.
Nathália Nascimento Thales A. P. West Lisa Biber-Freudenberger Eráclito R. de Sousa-Neto Jean Ometto Jan Börner 《Journal of Land Use Science》2020,15(2-3):127-141
ABSTRACT Deforestation driven by agricultural expansion is a major threat to the biodiversity of the Amazon Basin. Modelling how deforestation responds to environmental policy implementation has thus become a policy relevant scientific undertaking. However, empirical parameterization of land-use/cover change (LUCC) models is challenging due to the high complexity and uncertainty of land-use decisions. Bayesian Network (BN) modelling provides an effective framework to integrate various data sources including expert knowledge. In this study, we integrate remote sensing products with data from farm-household surveys and a decision game to model LUCC at the BR-163, in Brazil. Our ‘business as usual’ scenario indicates cumulative forest cover loss in the study region of 8,000 km2 between 2014 and 2030, whereas ‘intensified law-enforcement’ would reduce cumulative deforestation to 1,600 km2 over the same time interval. Our findings underline the importance of conservation law enforcement in modulating the impact of agricultural market incentives on land cover change. 相似文献
10.
Production of boundary layer ozone from tropical American Savannah biomass burning emissions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eugenio Sanhueza Paul J. Crutzen Enmanuel Fernndez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(30):5819
Boundary layer ozone and carbon monoxide were measured at a savannah site in the Orinoco river basin, during the dry and wet seasons. CO and O3 concentrations recorded around noontime show a good linear correlation, suggesting that the higher ozone levels observed during the dry season are photochemically produced during the oxidation of reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of NOx both emitted by biomass burning. The rate of photochemical ozone production in the boundary layer ozone by biomass burning calculated from the production ratio ΔO3/ΔCO (0.17±0.01 v : v) and the amount of CO produced by fires (0.26–1.3 mole m−2 dry season−1), ranges from 0.6 to 2.6 ppbv h−1 for 8 h of daylight. This O3 production rate is in fairly good agreement with the value derived from RO2 radical measurements made in the Venezuelan savannah during the dry season. The net boundary layer production of O3 from all tropical America savannah fires is estimated to range between 0.28 and 0.36 Tmol O3 per year, which is about 3 times higher than the O3 produced from pollution sources in the eastern United States during the summer. An extrapolation to all of the world's savannah would indicate a net boundary layer ozone production of about 1.2 Tmol yr−1. This is discussed in the context of the overall global budget of tropospheric ozone. 相似文献