Effects of adding bulking agents on the biodrying of kitchen waste and the odor emissions produced

The effects of adding a bulking agent on the performance and odor emissions(ammonia and eight sulfur-containing odorous compounds) when biodrying kitchen waste were investigated. Three treatments were considered: the addition of either cornstalks(CS) or wood peat(WP) to kitchen waste as a bulking agent before biodrying, and a control treatment(CK). The water-removal rates for CK, CS, and WP treatments were 0.35, 0.56, and0.43 kg/kg, respectively. Addition of bulking agents to kitchen waste produced less leachate,higher moisture-removal rates, and lower consumption of volatile solids. The CS treatment had the highest biodrying index(4.07), and those for the WP and CK treatments were 3.67 and 1.97, respectively. Adding cornstalks or wood peat decreased NH3 emissions by 55.8%and 71.7%, respectively. Total sulfur losses were 3.6%–21.6% after 21 days biodrying, and H2 S and Me2 SS were the main( 95%) sulfur compounds released. The smallest amounts of sulfur-containing odorous compounds were emitted when cornstalks were added, and adding cornstalks and wood peat decreased total sulfur losses by 50.6%–64.8%.     

污水处理厂挥发性硫化物释放特征与风险评价

对城市污水处理厂各处理单元释放的挥发性硫化物（VSCs）进行长期监测,评估VSCs带来的感官效应和健康风险.结果表明,从浓度上看,VSCs以H₂S为主（监测期间的H₂S浓度为N.D.~580μg/m³）,而甲硫醇（MT）的浓度占比最少（监测期间MT的浓度为N.D.~4.7μg/m³）,同时VSCs的浓度分布具有明显的季节性,即夏季>秋季>冬季.在感官方面,H₂S是所有VSCs中气味贡献最大的气体（贡献率为79%~93%）,除二沉池外,其在其他处理单元中均为关键性恶臭气体;虽然MT浓度水平低,但是其对气味的贡献不能被忽略;格栅、沉砂池混合气体气味活性值（SOAV）分别为2591.9、5494.8,预处理单元对该厂的气味贡献最大.在健康风险方面,春季和夏季时,格栅和沉砂池中的H₂S存在非致癌风险.     

不同植物废物对垃圾堆肥过程VSCs释放的影响

选取黄豆杆、红薯藤、菠萝蜜果核和紫檀树叶4种植物废物,分别与生活垃圾混合进行堆肥处理,考察堆肥过程中甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲基二硫醚3种含硫类可挥发性有机物(VSCs)释放量与植物废物性质之间的关系.结果表明,各工况下,3种VSCs释放均集中在堆肥初期(前6d),甲硫醇均为主要的恶臭贡献者.不同工况的3种VSCs释放浓度差异显著.其中,以红薯藤为堆肥配料的工况下3种VSCs累积释放浓度均最高,以黄豆杆和紫檀树叶分别为堆肥配料的工况相对较低,累积释放浓度仅为前者的16.0%~74.3%,并低于生活垃圾单独堆肥. VSCs释放水平与混合原料的易降解有机物含量呈正比,与其植物多酚的含量呈反比.