钒的停流──诱导光度法测定及价态分析

依据V~(4+)对Cr~(6+-)I~-氧化还原反应的诱导作用,建立了微量V~(4+)的停流—动力学光度测定方法。方法的线性范围为0～2.1mg·l~(-1):最低检测浓度为0.008mg·l~(-1)。10倍量的V~(5+)不影响测定。测得V~(4+)后,还原V~(5+)为V~(4+),测定总钒量,进而对钒进行价态分析。     

有机磷农药毒性预测模型研究

选用化合物分子拓扑学的信息理论指数、价分子连接性指数，运用多元非线性回归分析，对１１４种有机磷农药大鼠经口、小鼠经口及大鼠经皮急性毒性ＬＤ５０、神经毒性作用进行了定量预测分析。回归模型相关指数Ｒ＾２均在０．８１以上，残差呈正态分布，预测效果满意，显示了系统具有较强的预测能力。     

钙钛矿型SrFeO_(3-λ)催化降解水溶性染料

采用柠檬酸络合法合成了钙钛矿型 Sr Fe O3-λ复合氧化物 ,以其为催化剂对不同水溶性染料溶液进行降解脱色试验 ,各种染料的脱色率均较高 ,表明 Sr Fe O3-λ具有很好的催化活性 ,这主要与 Sr Fe O3-λ中 Fe离子的变价和存在大量氧空位有关。     

Influences of anion concentration and valence on dispersion and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions

Dispersion and aggregation of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions are important factors for safe application of nanoparticles. In this study, dispersion and aggregation of nano-TiO₂ in aqueous solutions containing various anions were investigated. The influences of anion concentration and valence on the aggregation size, zeta potential and aggregation kinetics were individually investigated. Results showed that the zeta potential decreased from 19.8 to − 41.4 mV when PO₄^3 − concentration was increased from 0 to 50 mg/L, while the corresponding average size of nano-TiO₂ particles decreased from 613.2 to 540.3 nm. Both SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻ enhanced aggregation of nano-TiO₂ in solution. As SO₄^2 − concentration was increased from 0 to 500 mg/L, the zeta potential decreased from 19.8 to 1.4 mV, and aggregate sizes increased from 613.2 to 961.3 nm. The trend for NO₃⁻ fluctuation was similar to that for SO₄^2 − although the range of variation for NO₃⁻ was relatively narrow. SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻ accelerated the aggregation rapidly, while PO₄^3 − did so slowly. These findings facilitate the understanding of aggregation and dispersion mechanisms of nano-TiO₂ in aqueous solutions in the presence of anions of interest.